Comparing Fast Food Giants Burger King and McDonald’s

Burger King Versus McDonald’s Fast Food Franchises have raised many questions or debates that have risen because of obesity issues and health concerns in our society to this day. This has led me to compare Burger King and McDonald’s. Comparison of these two companies to see exactly what they have to offer and the fact that people seem to look at all fast food the same. It is all bad for you and causing health issues. Burger King and McDonald’s are the top two fast food chains and are known for serving unhealthy foods, but there are healthy choices available, as salads. As I have done my research to see if there are healthy options when we eat at these places. Truly comes down to whether it is us or the franchises making the wrong choices or whose fault it really is. Fast food franchises being all of the same or having differences amongst food options and services offered. Similarities Main thing appears to be a burger, fries, and a soft drink is what they are known for. Both of the franchises basically offer the same types of foods, combo meals, children meals, dollar menus, super sizes available, play lands and a drive thru for that fast service. Usually you can bet the food will taste the same each time you go, giving us the feeling of reliability. Whether you want to sit down as a family or eat on the go. Both of the companies keep the cost down to make it an affordable meal and giving us a variety to choose from. They both serve breakfast, lunch, and supper options. This is partially what makes it hard for us to say no. The convenience and time saving options really hit home to our busy schedules. Differences: Now even though they both seem to be basically the same, there are differences within these two franchises. One way that they are different is in the way they prepare and process their foods. At Burger King, they use a process where there is no human intervention while cooking their burgers. No one has to stand there and flip the burgers. This is saving time and providing employees to be available to keep moving and making meals more quickly. They also use a broiler, giving us that broiler taste. Where McDonald’s uses a basic grill style and someone has to be there constantly to turn and flip the burgers. Burger King has bigger and thicker burgers, providing more for your buck. They also have the option of onion rings instead of fries, and they are lower in calories than fries. When concerning their fries, they even have the option of no salt on them. This is an amazing option for those of us watching our sodium intake. The one thing that I was surprised with is that they provide Kraft macaroni and cheese and apple fries in the children’s meals, along with milk. The fries are still included, but for those parents who do not want them to have the fries, there is your other option. McDonald’s gives you a wider range of choices in desserts and salads. They offer 10 different types of salads, where Burger King only offers you 3 types of salads. Their happy meal is including a choice of low fat chocolate and white milk, fries along with apple slices. If you do not want your child to have fries, there’s the option of two packages of apple slices. They are attempting to offer a healthier choice for your children. Healthier choices If you want just the basic burger, fries, and a beverage, it really does not matter where you go; they both offer these and come down to the consumer’s taste buds. Basically either place you go, they both have begun to offer many healthy food options. It still is not the best choice, but you can choose something that will not cause so much weight gain. It is coming down to our choices on what we eat if we must go to a fast food restaurant. Some of the choices you can make: Have a salad with the dressing on the side, Burger King’s fries with not salt, have the condiments on the side or none, choose a burger with no bacon or cheese, have their oatmeal option with fruit on top, a veggie burger instead of meat, grilled instead of fried and have juice instead of soda. There are many things that we can choose to eat that will make our visit to these two places healthier. Both places provide brochures on the nutritional value on their meals, take time to check them out and see what you are eating. Burger King and McDonald’s are very similar in many ways, but do have differences. Just depending on what your taste buds are, if you want it made your way, or if you want a bigger burger. These will assist in determining to which company fits best to your desires. The salad option, McDonald’s is the way to go. They have best options in this category, but remember to go for the grilled instead of fried and have that dressing on the side. Just remember it is our choice to what we are putting in our body. References Associated Press. â€Å"McDonald's profit climbs 27 percent. † MSNBC. October 19, 2007. Retrieved November 26th 2011. Written by Associated Press on November 15, 2011 4:35 pm. http://newsone. com/author/associatedpress3/ Brandau, Mark (28 March 2011). â€Å"BK’s Chidsey to resign in April†. Nation's Restaurant news. Burger King Corporation. 2007, www. k. com, Retrieved November 26th 2011. Cordal, Ina Paiva; Walker, Elaine (28 October 2010). â€Å"Burger King Ousts top staff†. Miami Herald. 2010 10-K SEC Filing, Burger King Corporation, 30 June 2010, pp. 38-40. Hogan, David (1997). Selling 'em by the Sack: White Castle and the Creation of American Food. New York: New York University Press. Jakle, John A. ; Sculle, Keith A. ; Pappas (1999). Fast Food: Roa dside Restaurants in the Automobile Age (1st ed. ). JHU Press. pp. 116–117. ISBN  080186920X. â€Å"Mathew Burns of Long Beach, California, and Kieth g. Kramer, Burn's stepson and owner of a Daytona Beach, Florida drive in, founded Insta-Burger King, Burger King's predecessor. † Kroc, Ray and Anderson, Robert (1977). Grinding It Out: The Making of McDonald's. Chicago: Contemporary Books. Levinstein, Harvey (2003). Paradox of Plenty: a Social History of Eating in Modern America. Berkeley: University of California P, 2003. 228-229. Luxenberg, Stan (1985). Roadside Empires: How the Chains Franchised America. New York: Viking, 1985. Mcginley, Lou Ellen with Stephanie Spurr (2004). Honk for Service: A Man, A Tray and the Glory Days of the Drive-In Restaurant†. Tray Days Publishing. Schlosser, Eric (2005). â€Å"Fast Food Nation: The Dark Side of the All American Meal† HarperCollins Publishers. www. chapters. indigo. ca/books/Fast-Food-Nation. Retrieved November 25th, 2011. Thottam, Jyoti (June 6, 2005). â€Å"Fast Food Face-Off. † Time Online Magazine. Read more at Suite101: Which Fast Food is Better: McDonalds o r Burger King? | Suite101. com http://tasha-kelley. suite101. com/which-fast-food-is-better–McDonald’s-or-burger-king

English Learning Essay

This case study is based on Patricia, a Spanish national in her twenties who is in her last year studying an Economics degree course. She is also a student on the Elementary course at the British Language Centre. Patricia’s started learning English at the bi-lingual school she attended. She learnt English for 3 years but did not take any official examinations, but sees this as a possibility for the future. At school she learnt English because it was obligatory. The only other language she speaks is Spanish. She started attending the British Language Centre (which she still attends) to help her find a job in an international company and to prepare her for her visit to Eastbourne, East Sussex (UK) in July. She will be staying with a house family for one month and hopes to improve her English and use all of the language she has been learning to date. Her reasons for learning English are a combination of extrinsic and intrinsic ones. The main reason she is motivated to learn English is because she believes it will help her find a good job and earn loads of money, she also reads a lot about English culture and customs and watches films in English with subtitles for her own enjoyment. This can also be related to her learning styles. The results of her â€Å"multiple intelligences† questionnaire indicates that her learning style preferences are linguistic, spatial and interpersonal. Her conversations in English refer to things that she has read or heard, she enjoys solving mazes and other visual puzzles and considers herself to be a leader. 3 Problems and Possible solutions with Grammar The student enjoys English grammar, and generally finds it much easier than Spanish grammar. An example of this is the verb formations. She normally uses the correct tense when speaking in English but sometimes uses the infinitive form instead of the progressive. â€Å"I read† instead of â€Å"I’m reading†. Spanish often use an infinitive where English would use a progressive; this can be†¦

Ethical Issues and Behavior Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ethical Issues and Behavior - Essay Example There has been disposal of sewage and waste from the organizations into the rivers due to which, the quality of waters was affected and their consumers’ susceptibility towards diseases like cholera and typhoid was increased manifolds. Provision of clean water to the nation is one of the biggest challenges facing the governments in the contemporary age. This would not have been so had the organizations foreseen the impacts of their activities upon the environment and community as a whole. Besides, organizations all over the world are the prime consumers of the natural resources. Countries need steel, oil, gas and electricity because they are required for the making and functioning of machineries, as well as the products the machines are making. In addition to that, ethics are a major concern for organizations because organizations have a profound effect upon each and every individual of the society. Childhood obesity is much more widespread in many advanced countries of the wor ld in the present age than it ever was in the past. US, UK, Canada, Australia and such other technologically advanced countries are busy looking for ways to control the spread of childhood obesity. Childhood obesity needs to be controlled because it increases the susceptibility of the victims towards various kinds of diseases including high blood pressure, depression, diabetes and heart attack along with causing an overall reduction in the expected life of the victims. A thorough analysis of the causal factors of childhood obesity suggests that the problem originates in organizations in the food industry that are supplying thousands of new varieties of junk foods into the market every year and are thus encouraging the public to consume them at least once, if not more. Junk food production has become the spinal cord of food industry in the contemporary age because they are made from very cheap ingredients and get sold at a price much higher than what was incurred in their production. Again, childhood obesity is primarily an outcome of the food organizations’ selfishness and insensitivity towards the public health. Had food organizations tried to evaluate their activities on the scale of ethics, many children would have been smart and healthy today rather than overweight and obese. In light of these and several other issues, ethical issues are a major concern for the organizations. Ethical behavior in organizations is impacted by individual influences. Influence of individuals that particularly occupy higher positions in the hierarchy of the organization structure and have relatively greater power is profound. In a vast majority of cases, organizations are run primarily by the top managers, that may or may not include the subordinates in the decision making process. Nevertheless, since the ultimate decision is taken by the top manager, it is their behavior that primarily governs the level to which the organization complies with the standards of ethics. Et hical behavior of organizations is also governed, to much an extent, by the level of transparency maintained by the top management. An organization in itself is like a complete state that may have democratic government or dictatorship. If the top management implements the former system, their actions are criticized by the subordinates, so they may not be able to take independent decisions. If the dictatorship prevails,

Phase 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Phase 1 - Essay Example Looking at the public relation efforts of different companies and corporate bodies, one can easily identify and correlate various salient features that directly impact the sales and profit performance of the companies. The common pattern that has emerged is that the PR1 strategy is designed to promote the companies’ image in three vital areas. The companies use various media to emphasize and disseminate information about them, in order to establish a closer relationship with the investors as well as with their valued customers. The PR exercise, that includes press releases and audio-video advertisements in different media, is a very effective way to inform the investors and customers about the company’s achievements in different areas. The investors’ confidence is strengthened by periodic press releases that inform them about the upward graph of its performance. At the same time, the credibility of the company gets a boost in the eyes of their customers. The PR exercise is also a very effective communication tool that informs the general public about the various ways and means through which the company is discharging its social responsibilities. The involvement of the company in the community services not only facilitates a more personal bonding with its customers and thereby effectively increasing its customer base but it also helps build a very positive image of the company that is designed to give a more competitive edge over its rival companies. Its human nature to identify and support a person or company that empathizes with the problems and concerns of the common man. Media, in all its formats, exerts a powerful influence that can completely change the public perception towards things and persons. It is for this very reason that it has become the focal area of business strategy for the companies. Public relation

Consensus Building Week 11 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Consensus Building Week 11 - Coursework Example The meetings enable all the members to contribute their views; for example, when there are complains, they will be dealt with in the meetings (Li, Kuo, Huang, & Wang, 2013). The Head Nurse also needs to define the job roles clearly to avoid the contradicting complains about overworking and under working. The Head Nurse may improve staff relations by motivating employees by rewarding, and training them. The nurses and assistants in this floor may be trained on how to complete their tasks efficiently and how to work as a team. This is because through training, workers understand the significance of each member in the floor and they appreciate one another. Another way of improving the staff relations is by treating the workers fairly by rewarding them for their hard work. This is because dissatisfied employees may be resistant and hostile at the workplace. The unit should, therefore, ensure that it rewards the nurses by paying them wages that are equal to their effort, promoting them, and offering them job security (Cox, 2001). The quality of care may be improved by developing communication and team work in this unit. Communication is the most essential factor in the delivery of services because it enables nurses to attend to patients and it also enables the nurses to seek help from their assistants. The unit needs to install a proper communication channel that allows everyone to participate in decision making. The communication channel should also determine how parties resolve conflicts when they arise. In this case, for example, Mitchell may ask the nurses and their assistants to inform her when conflicts arise at the workplace. She may then solve the disagreements without taking sides as soon as she gets the information to avoid wastage of time and delay of services to customers (Li, Kuo, Huang, & Wang, 2013). Team work may also improve the quality of healthcare. All the workers should undergo

Compare and contrast the achievements and failures of the various (not Essay

Compare and contrast the achievements and failures of the various (not just African-American) civil rights movements since 1945 - Essay Example During that period they started a movement regarded as civil disobedience in which they resorted to protests that were nonviolent in nature. Several methods of protest were used in these movements, such as boycotts of Montgomery Bus. Another major protest conducted by the blacks for civil rights was the march recognized as the march for autonomy and jobs conducted on Washington. In this march, Martin Luther King, Jr. presented his most famous speech which was regarded as â€Å"I have a dream† (Norton, 2012, p.755). During the period of 1965 there experienced a tremendous change in the movement for Black Power. Those who were fighting in the favor of Black Power argued in the favor of autonomy of the blacks and believed that the African Americans of that time were not being provided with dignity and were being kept away from their heritage. For example: Omali Yeshitela argued that the blacks have fought hard to safeguard their homes, autonomy and culture against colonialists of Europe. Yeshitela further stated that actions that actions such as stealing another individuals wealth and freedom are denoted as treason. Some of the great outcomes of this movement were the victory achieved in Brown v. Board of education case that helped in eliminating the legal issue of separate but equal. Another major Civil Rights Movement in the US was the Chicano Movement. This movement was led by the Mexicans that were living in America. The purpose of this movement was to gain a say for the Mexicans in the political arena of US. According to those who were in favor of this movement, US had failed to comply with the promises they made during the Guadalupe Hidalgo Treaty. The movement did not concentrated on the issues that were experienced by the early Mexicans who migrated to US; it did not even address the issue of political rights for Mexicans as at that time immigrants had no political significance. The activities of this movement were involved in various issues such as unequal educational and job opportunities for Mexicans and the ill treatment they faced at the hands of the police. Students who were associated with this movement conducted activities such as walkouts, one of such activities was a walkout conducted by students in the state of Denver. The African American right for equal rights were quite peaceful in nature and only conducted activities such as marches and sit-ins, on the other hand the civil rights movement conducted by American Indians was quite violent in nature. The actions ranged from huge gatherings with the purpose of protest to hijacking of governmental facilities with the aid of arms and ammunition. During the period of 1971, the movement took over an obsolete, left alone property of the Naval Air Station located in the region of Minnesota. During the period of 1972, they even took over the Headquarters of bureau of Indian Affairs located in Washington and they arrested 24 individuals. The Courthouse of Custer County was e ven abducted by the activities of this group; later police was able to handle the situation after a severe right arose. A confrontation even took place between the military and the activists of the movement and after the death of two individuals and passage of seventy one days, the violent activity came to an end. Feminist movements even took place, after the era of 1946, the feminist movements aimed at countering the issue of changing the

Resolution in international trade Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Resolution in international trade - Dissertation Example The research methodology used for this study will be aligned with the nature of the study, as a legal research paper. In this context, the research required for the development of this paper will have two different forms: a) literature review, i.e. review of the academic studies (books, journals and so on) published on the issues under discussion and b) case studies analysis, i.e. review of the case law related to the specific subject.Since its introduction, GATT helped towards the expansion of international trade law framework; however, through the years, the specific system was proved inadequate for the conflicts developed in international trade agreements. It was probably the fact that the international political and economic climate had changed and new needs were developed in regard to the settlement of disputes related to international trade. The above fact is made clear through the study of Davey (2006) where reference is made to the effectiveness of GATT in ‘dispute rela ted to agricultural trade products’ (Davey, 2006, p. 185). Despite the fact that GATT has been highly related to the specific sector, still its rules where not adequately enforced in disputes developed in the particular field (Davey, 2006, p. 185). Another important weakness of GATT was the fact that it did not offer ‘development-specific provisions’ – actually, it is noted that up to 1960s only two such provisions could be identified in GATT - and that its decisions ‘were taken by consensus’.

Using the literature about IMC Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Using the literature about IMC - Essay Example The report has been prepared for demonstrating various approaches towards the use of IMC tools by the marketers of low involvement and high involvement products. Its aim was to evaluate the difference in strategy generation through IMC tools by the marketers. It has been found out from the report discussion that the consumers’ perception of any product is the ultimate initiator for choosing the IMC tools. The marketers of low involvement products are less interested in using the IMC tools due to the inability of the strategy pertaining to influencing the customers while on the other hand, the marketers of high involvement products are very conscious of selecting the best IMC tools because these strategies have been proved to be effective in influencing the customers of high involvement products over a long period of time.The most important aspect of both product as well as service marketing is to create effective communication with customers. The organizations which can effect ively and efficiently communicate with their respective purposes to the customers, becomes ultimately successful in achieving the organisation’s objectives. Marketers make the most use of marketing communication tools for most effectively reaching their targeted customers. In the present times, Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) approach has developed and the marketer presumes it to be the most effective among all other individual means of marketing communication.... trategy for Relationship Building The concept of Integrated Marketing Communication has gained its importance as an effective means of communication in the recent times due to its effective credibility of creating long term relationship with customers. According to the literature presented by Perkins and Algren (2008), marketers who have the objective of enhancing relationship with their supporters are more probable of achieving success through the use of IMC tools than those who have lesser concern for relationship building. The prospect of relationship building strategy is enhanced through successful communication of organizational aims and objectives to the customers. Communication of the aims and objectives is aimed towards creation of greater value perception of the organization among the customers. Since the strength of relationship determines an organization’s age, marketers, in the modern world are all focused on building up long term relationship with their stakeholde rs. This literature has been included in this report because this will provide a basis for further analysing the marketer’s point of view regarding marketing of low involvement and high involvement products. It can, however, be cited that relationship building is the primary objective of using IMC tools by the marketers (Perkins & Algren, 2008). IMC Tools Used by Marketers of Low-Involvement Products Kitchen and Pelsmacker (2004) in their book â€Å"Integrated Marketing Communication: a Primer† have written about the fact that it does not matter as to what an advertisement provide to the people but it matters as to how the people perceive the advertisement. People are interested in spending their valuable time watching advertisements of those products only which they perceive to hold an

Critical Appraisal - Packaging Design and the consumer behaviour Lab Report

Critical Appraisal - Packaging Design and the consumer behaviour - Lab Report Example This essay is an appraisal of the product design process that explains and evaluates the different aspects of packaging product designs. Packaging design is a business function in an enterprise that can be utilized to accomplish different strategic purposes for a company depending on the needs of the firm. Among the different attributes a designer can implement into a packaging design include shape, color, weight, technology compatibility, graphics and durability and functionality (Young, 2002). Packaging solution are created based on the needs of a segment of customers who demand for a particular trait in a product can lead to increases sales for a company based on packaging design superiority. A company that used design innovation to increase the sales of its products is Neese Products. This firm specializes in food storage utilized different plastic designs that can be applied to most pre-opened original packaging using a zip slider top and adhesive strips to maintain freshness and prevent spillage (Smith, 2007). There are ways to further integrate packaging design can be used as a strategic tool to add value to a corporation. The packaging industry realized that best way to attract a global customer audience is to identify the customers preferences and integrate the international input into the packaging design. The global audience is interested in protecting the world’s environment. A green product is a product manufactured on an eco-friendly manner to protect the environment (Colorado, 2005). An example of a firm that utilized packaging design environmentally sustainable focus is Johnson & Johnson. The company emphasized a moved to recycled content in its packaging design for products. The firm’s increased its post customer recycled from 15% to 80% while at the same time reducing the use of PVC used on consumer primary, secondary and tertiary packaging solutions (Rhoda, 2007). Packaging designs are influenced by the target market the company

Business Ratio Essay Example for Free

Business Ratio Essay The profit margin is mostly used for internal comparison. Individual businesses operating and financing arrangements vary so much that different entities are bound to have different levels of expenditure, so that comparison of one with another can have little meaning. Digi has a highest net profit margin ratio among the 3 company which is 21.03%, while Axiata and YTL have 14.26% and 7.87%. YTL with a lowest profit margin indicates a low margin of safety: higher risk that a decline in sales will erase profits and result in a net loss. Profit margin is an indicator of a companys pricing strategies and how well it controls costs. Differences in competitive strategy and product mix cause the profit margin to vary among different companies. Liquidity ratio (current ratio) The current ratio is an indication of a firms market liquidity and ability to meet creditors demands. Acceptable current ratios vary from industry to industry and are generally between 1.5 and 3 for healthy businesses. Axiata and YTL have a current ratio that is 1.1632 and 1.3149 is near to this range, it generally indicates moderate short-term financial strength. Digi has a current ratio that below 1, the current liabilities exceed current assets. Digi may have problems meeting its short-term obligations. Low values for the current ratios indicate that Digi may have difficulty meeting current obligations. But if inventory turns over much more rapidly than the accounts payable become due, then the current ratio will be less than one. This can allow Digi to operate with a low current ratio. Leverage ratio (Debt ratio) YTL debt ratio is 0.7403 which is higher than Axiata and Digi which is 0.4826 and 0.7098. The higher the ratio means the greater risk will be associated with the firms operation. In addition, high debt to assets ratio may indicate low borrowing capacity of a firm, which in turn will lower the firms financial flexibility. The debt ratio shows the proportion of a companys assets which are financed through debt. The ratio of Axiata is less than 0.5, most of the companys assets are financed through equity. Companies with high debt ratios are said to be highly leveraged, not highly liquid as stated above. Digi and YTL with a high debt ratio could be in danger if creditors start to demand repayment of debt. Activity Ratio (Total assets turn over) Asset turnover is a financial ratio that measures the efficiency of a companys use of its assets in generating sales revenue or sales income to the company. Companies with low profit margins tend to have high asset turnover, while those with high profit margins have low asset turnover. Digi has a profit margins which is 1.193times is much higher than Axiata and YTL, 0.4182times and 0.3892times. These show that Digi has a high asset turnover while Axiata and YTL have low asset turnover. Companies in the retail industry tend to have a very high turnover ratio due mainly to cutthroat and competitive pricing. Market Ratio (Earnings per Share ratio) Earnings per share are the amount of earnings per each outstanding share of a companys stock. In the United States, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) requires companies income statements to report EPS for each of the major categories of the income statement: continuing operations, discontinued operations, extraordinary items, and net income. Axita has the highest market ratio which is 28sen out of every ordinary share. Digi and YTL have lower market ratio, 16.1sen and 11.53sen. Compare with Digi and YTL, Axiata has the highest market value. Axiata earn 28sen out of every ordinary share. Days Sales Outstanding (DSO) Ratio Day sales outstanding are a calculation used by a company to estimate their average collection period. It is a financial ratio that illustrates how well a companys accounts receivables are being managed. The day’s sales outstanding analysis provides general information about the number of days on average that customers take to pay invoices. YTL has higher DSO ratio, 72.72days can indicate a customer base with credit problems and is deficient in its collections activity. Digi and Axiata which have a lower ratio, 27.96days and 46.74days may indicate that firms credit policy is too rigorous, which may be hampering sales.

The Significance Of The Suez Crisis

The Significance Of The Suez Crisis The sources I have selected for my coursework concentrate on the impact that the Suez crisis had on the British Empire and its significance in contributing to its downfall. Here there is some dispute as some see the crisis as a minor event that was insignificant or limited whilst others would argue that it was the main reason that the British government lost its position as world leader. However they largely agree that the Suez crisis showed the flaws in British attitudes as a colonial power. In Egypt, France and Britain were the major shareholders in the company that ran the canal and British troops occupied its banks. When Gamal Abdul Nasser came to power in 1954, his main objective was to remove the British from Egypt. This was due to the American and British decision not to finance the construction of the Aswam dam. He took matters into his own hands and took control of the Suez Canal by nationalizing it. The events that occurred after this were extremely quick, Britain and France were hasty to show their discontent in the matter and choose to try to attack Nasser in the hope of getting him replaced and taking control of the Suez once again. The financial importance of the canal was too great for France and Britain to let it be controlled by Egypt alone. So when they attacked Egypt it came as a shock when the United States condemned their actions and made it very clear that they would not support the war against Egypt. The significance of the Suez crisis was that at this point America was asserting its power and influence on Britain for the very first time in history, the balance of power had changed and the United States was now in charge. This would be portrayed years later In Britain as the Suez crisis would be thought of as the symbol, which marked the end of imperial rule. The Suez crisis sent a signal to nationalists in the British Empire that the hour of freedom had arrived but the Americans and not the nationalist chose the hour. The secondary work of  [1]  Niall Ferguson in British Empire supports this as he sates that United States were responsible for dismantling the British Empire due to their reaction to the Suez crisis and causing the uprising and rebellion of the educated class in Africa, which would have a vast influence on British and American politics. As a year after the Suez crisis Ghana got her independence from Britain this could be seen as a direct result of the crisis as it weakened British prestige. It must be distinguished, however , that Ghanaian independence began as early as 1951 when the British had allowed elections for a prime minister , which puts into doubt the importance of the Sue z crisis on growing nationalism however it can not be disregarded that it was a catalyst for the majority of African leaders at the time. Niall Ferguson also suggests that this was significant short-term effect as it was the turning point as America was now in power. As well exposing the empires flaws to the nationalists who were eager to be free from British rule. Furthermore A letter from Eisenhower to Eden dated the 8th of September 1956 illustrates USA asserting its power on Britain. Eisenhower states that;  [2]  The use of military force against Egypt under present circumstances might have consequences even more serious than causing the Arabs to support Nasser it might cause serious misunderstanding between their two countries because frankly there is as yet no public opinion in this country which is prepared to support such a move and the most significant public opinion that there is seems to think that the united nation was formed to prevent the very thing. Eisenhower was trying to imply that any war against Egypt would result in the USSR swooping in and offering alliance to Nasser, which would have a direct impact on the influence of the Russians in the Middle East and this, would consequently harm American interests. Eisenhower knew that the Russians who had developed the port of Alexandria on the coast and also funded the Egyptian economy. He understood that the only reason they did this was to raise the stakes in the cold war, as Russias aim was to expand her influence in the Middle East. So a newfound relationship in North Africa would result in a bigger Russian threat, which America could not take the risk with. Brian Lapping also points out that the main objectives that Egypt and Russia shared was the defeat of colonialism. However this can be interpreted differently as it can seem that the real objective they shared was seeing the downfall of the British rule and prestige rather then just colonialism. Eden and Eisenhower did not share the same opinion about Nasser as he also wrote to Eisenhower regarding the crisis he stated that he was concerned that the seizure of the Suez Canal he saw it as the opening gambit in a planned campaign designed by Nasser to expel all western influence and interests from Arab countries. You may feel even if we are right it would be better to wait until Nasser unmistakable reveled his intensions. But this is the argument which prevailed in 1936 and which we both rejected in 1948 The letter shows the difference in American and British thought regarding the Suez crisis. Eden seems to want to get back British colonial power once again and also he does not want to lose more influence and territory in the area. His belief that Nasser should be controlled was his own attempt of regaining control and power. Eden had old fashion views that Middle Eastern politics should always favor Britain and it was due to these believes that France and Britain went to war against Nasser It shows that Britain along with France could no longer act alone in the world stage something that startled Eden. This change was due to the short term significance o 3Macmillan would learn not to repeat Eden mistakes as he made his main objective to restore the morale and reliability of the conservative party something that Eden had lost. In addition Macmillan did not posse the old fashion views on empire that Eden did, this helped him progress in his political career. The short-term significance of the Suez crisis would have profound effects that would remain in British politicians conscious as they now knew they were seen as a nation to be inferior. American secretary of defense Clark Clifford highlights this as he made this statement The British do not have the resources, the back up a hardware to deal with any big world problemsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ they are no longer a powerful ally of ours because they can not afford the cost of an adequate defense effort Clark Clifford supports this idea as he down plays Britains power and dismisses her from resolving any world issues. This shows the extent in which the Suez crisis had on Britains image and influence. Also Dean Rusk the United States Secretary of State pointed out this was the end of an era for the Britain and her rule over her colonies 4President Nixon was quoted saying, For the first time in history we have shown independence of Anglo-French policies towards Asia and Africa which seems to us to reflect the colonial tradition. That declaration of independence has had an electrifying effect throughout the world This shows that the president Nixon was proud and pleased with is countries choice. He portrays America as being a savior In my judgment the Suez crisis remains the turning point in British politics and power. The crisis meant that America was able to assert authority on Britain for the very first time and public view on the empire changed dramatically as it was no longer seen as a prestigious and influential. The crisis had an impact not only on Britain as country but on key individuals that were involved. The Suez crisis had a dramatic effect on Edens career as in 1957 he resigned as Prime Minister after being publicly criticized at home, in later years he would be remembered not for the great things he did before 1956 but for his failure during the Suez crisis. Furthermore Suez crisis changed Nasser from a little known colonel into a great leader who was fighting to help end colonialism. The crisis helped his prestige and hold over his people. The historian Brian Lapping states that the due to the Suez crisis Cairo became the home of many refugee leaders of African anti colonial movements this showed directly that Nasser was defining the British in a insulting and direct way by welcomin g the African nationalists into his country and giving them benefits and luxuries that helped them in their fight for freedom, such as free air tickets to travel anywhere. The Suez crisis would change British politics as new Prime Minster Harold Macmillan decided that in any future events that his party would side with America. He did this because he knew it was the only way he could be popular and not repeat the mistakes of Eden. He also made the effort to get to know very well John Kennedy. Britain Since then has been very hesitant to resist any US policy. This is a direct result of the Suez crisis and the balance of power no longer being in the favor of Britain Conversely some historians have the view that the Suez crisis had made problems such as the political and economical issues that was present before 1956 more perceptible and for this reason the Suez crisis was not a turning point but rather just reveled with staggering clarity the pressures facing the British empire at the time plus if it was not the Suez crisis it would have being another event that would have brought the end of the empire as cracks were beginning to develop. Overall I believe that the Suez crisis did have a massive impact on the British Empire as it changed peoples perceptive of imperialism and made way for the nationalist movement, which would result in the collapse of the empire. Consequently the events of 1956 would be known as the catalyst, which sparked the end of British power and brought the end of the most prestigious empire in history. Gorst and Johnman, as well as Woodward, that Suez somewhat reflected the already-weakening position of the empires, rather than helped engender its demise. (1829 words )

Family Planning Population Policy In India :: essays research papers fc

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  India's population is in peril. Without the implementation of stringent, effective population management policies, the country's population will rise above 2 billion within the next 20 years (www.fpaindia.com). In the absence of control programs, India's ever growing population will lead to increased incidents of famine, disease, environmental stress and result in a severe shortage of housing facilities. However, if the Indian government quickly administers population regulations so that couples have, on average, 2 children by 2001-2006, India's population will stabilize at approximately 1.7 billion (www.fpaindia.com). A drop in both the fertility and birth rates is essential. To achieve this goal, the 5 Year Planning Commission intends to follow the new population control program outlined by India's central government. We intend to explore reasons why family planning is essential, issues concerning the expansion of health care, and also sterilization practices a nd alternatives, proving that our 5-year plan for population management most plausible and logical method to control a rapidly burgeoning population. Family Planning - An Essential for India   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A swiftly growing population does not always seem like a nuisance. An increase in the number of citizens in a country, may for example, signify the improvement in health care, sanitation and a drop in death rates. Developments such as these, naturally lead to an expansion in population. Many areas may easily handle this increase in some areas, but what happens when the population continues to grow at an accelerated pace? The outlook is bleak. Uncontrolled population growth will lead to difficulties regarding food, environmental stress, health and housing.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Food shortages are commonly a symptom of high population growth rates, and as such, India is steadily losing the capacity to feed itself. Despite improvements in agricultural productivity, India's population continues to grow at a faster rate than the countrie's agriculture can support. The maximum efforts toward increasing agricultural output are just enough to meet the needs of the existing population, not for the additional population added each year (Mathur, 1995, 127). As a result, more than half of India is malnourished, and thousands are suffering from starvation (Mathur, 1995, 100). The solution to this situation is to seek out ways to decrease population growth, and maintain high yield agricultural production.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The desperate need for food has significant impacts on the environment. The soil can only produce so many yields before it becomes depleted and unproductive. In India, the soils are being stripped of their nutrients too quickly, thus speeding up environmental degradation and lowering crop yields. Family Planning Population Policy In India :: essays research papers fc   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  India's population is in peril. Without the implementation of stringent, effective population management policies, the country's population will rise above 2 billion within the next 20 years (www.fpaindia.com). In the absence of control programs, India's ever growing population will lead to increased incidents of famine, disease, environmental stress and result in a severe shortage of housing facilities. However, if the Indian government quickly administers population regulations so that couples have, on average, 2 children by 2001-2006, India's population will stabilize at approximately 1.7 billion (www.fpaindia.com). A drop in both the fertility and birth rates is essential. To achieve this goal, the 5 Year Planning Commission intends to follow the new population control program outlined by India's central government. We intend to explore reasons why family planning is essential, issues concerning the expansion of health care, and also sterilization practices a nd alternatives, proving that our 5-year plan for population management most plausible and logical method to control a rapidly burgeoning population. Family Planning - An Essential for India   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A swiftly growing population does not always seem like a nuisance. An increase in the number of citizens in a country, may for example, signify the improvement in health care, sanitation and a drop in death rates. Developments such as these, naturally lead to an expansion in population. Many areas may easily handle this increase in some areas, but what happens when the population continues to grow at an accelerated pace? The outlook is bleak. Uncontrolled population growth will lead to difficulties regarding food, environmental stress, health and housing.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Food shortages are commonly a symptom of high population growth rates, and as such, India is steadily losing the capacity to feed itself. Despite improvements in agricultural productivity, India's population continues to grow at a faster rate than the countrie's agriculture can support. The maximum efforts toward increasing agricultural output are just enough to meet the needs of the existing population, not for the additional population added each year (Mathur, 1995, 127). As a result, more than half of India is malnourished, and thousands are suffering from starvation (Mathur, 1995, 100). The solution to this situation is to seek out ways to decrease population growth, and maintain high yield agricultural production.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The desperate need for food has significant impacts on the environment. The soil can only produce so many yields before it becomes depleted and unproductive. In India, the soils are being stripped of their nutrients too quickly, thus speeding up environmental degradation and lowering crop yields.

George Orwells Animal Farm Essay -- George Orwell Animal Farm Essays

George Orwell's Animal Farm Mollie- Represents the rich and noble of Russia at the time (esp. the Czar and his family). Those who fled Revolutionist Russia, because they had had a better life beforehand, and were un-willing to accept change. The messages that Orwell is trying to express through Mollie are directly opposite to the actions which are displayed through Benjamin. Although they were both unwilling to accept change, their actions were very different. The message that Orwell is conveying through Mollie is that you shouldn't just quit because things get tough. Quotes- 'Mollie, the foolish, pretty white mare.' page2 'Will there still be sugar after the rebellion?' page10 'Mollie refused to learn any but the six letters that made up her own name.' page20 'In the end, however, she was found hiding in her stall with her head buried among the hay in her manger. She had taken flight as soon as the gun went off' page27 First page and a 1/4 of chapter five, page 28 Benjamin- No direct character link to the Russian revolution, but very closely linked to the members of the older generation who were suspicious of the revolution, and set in their ways. They had found that life was hard, whatever happened, and so did nothing to try and change it. Benjamin is the original stubborn mule, he is not fooled by Napoleons propaganda, or the promises that life will be better for him. He knows that life is tough, and nothing will ever change that. However, Orwell is trying to communicate that you shouldn't always say nothing, that when you really feel for a cause (e.g., Benjamin with the death of Boxer) you should always speak out. Quotes- 'Benjamin was the oldest animal on the farm, and th... ...the public, the government can control the country a lot easier. There are still examples of such extreme propaganda which have gone on in the recent past. For example, the Gulf war in the early 1990's escalated so quickly, mainly due to conflicting propaganda. The government of Iraq were telling it's public that the Europeans were on Kuwait's side, and that they were only doing it so that they could have Kuwait's oil. The Europeans didn't realise why having the land that Kuwait owned was so important to the people of Iraq. Another message conveyed by Orwell through Squealer is that everyone should have freedom of speech. By progressing the novel so that the animals eventually become slaves of the pigs, and don't have a say in their lives, Orwell is expressing his view that if only the strong get their voice heard, the weak will eventually loose out.

Extraterrestrials Essay -- Aliens Science Essays

Extraterrestrials Can the Earth be the only place in the Universe that harbors life? Most astronomers don't believe this is true. Certain statistics in the Universe provide evidence that living beings may be common place through out the universe, on planets of other stars besides the sun. In this paper I plan to discuss the various viewpoints of those that believe that extraterrestrials exist and have even been visiting Earth, and the viewpoints of skpetics that believe that aliens don't exist and have not been visiting Earth. To get into the topic we must first start at the base of the subject. First the question must be dealt with of life being only indigenous to planet Earth. One of the most basic materials that are essential to form life are basic carbon compounds. These carbon compounds are very abundant throughout the Universe. Carbon compounds exist not only on planets but on comets and free floating asteroids and gas clouds in space. Although, even with the abundance of all these compunds in the Universe the chances of these compounds forming into living beings aren't so great, however it is true that the odds of carbon forming into life sustaining compounds is greatly increased with an increase in time. The Universe works on a basis backward to the human way of thinking. The Universe becomes more orderly with time while we would tend to think that time breaks down structures. This means to us that the chances of life evolving on any part of the Universe increases as time moves forward . Another factor that is necessary for life evolving is a Star's size. Our Sun is a very ordinary star in terms of it size and temperature. Statistics show that there are billions of stars like the sun in our galaxy alone. ( Henbest & Couper, 1989, paragraph 5 ) Life evolving in one of these star systems may have developed in the same way humans have. Philosophers have argued for centures about how to define life. " If we study living things on the Earth, we find that there are some very basic characteristics that will guide us when we consider life elsewhere in the Universe." ( Henbest & Couper, 1989, paragraph 7 ) Life on Earth shows immense diversity. From organisms such as sea slugs to the human being. All life on Earth are made up of the same basic units, cells. Each cell is built up from chains of carbon, the most importan... ... existance of extraterrestrials. It remains a mystery to many though whether they exist on Earth or even at all. To say that extraterrestrials don't exist throughout the Universe is not a valid belief. There are simply too many ways or forms of which to find life throughout the Universe, intelligent or not. The odds of life on an intelligent or non intelligent scale in our own Milky way are pretty good on their own. To my belief, the Universe is teaming with life, I cannot say for sure whether we have been visited by any but this is all plausible. I remain captivated at the thought of an advanced civilization aiding mankind in advancement of our species. I hope one day we as a race will become one advanced enough morally socially and politically that war of any kind is non-existant and we will live in a world in which we get along with one another regardless of petty differences. To an advanced civilization, we must all seem just the same to each other , they would probably have compassion to the human ways and this is why they may have taken on the responsibility of helping us advance as a civilization so that we may create a bond with beings of another origin. Extraterrestrials Essay -- Aliens Science Essays Extraterrestrials Can the Earth be the only place in the Universe that harbors life? Most astronomers don't believe this is true. Certain statistics in the Universe provide evidence that living beings may be common place through out the universe, on planets of other stars besides the sun. In this paper I plan to discuss the various viewpoints of those that believe that extraterrestrials exist and have even been visiting Earth, and the viewpoints of skpetics that believe that aliens don't exist and have not been visiting Earth. To get into the topic we must first start at the base of the subject. First the question must be dealt with of life being only indigenous to planet Earth. One of the most basic materials that are essential to form life are basic carbon compounds. These carbon compounds are very abundant throughout the Universe. Carbon compounds exist not only on planets but on comets and free floating asteroids and gas clouds in space. Although, even with the abundance of all these compunds in the Universe the chances of these compounds forming into living beings aren't so great, however it is true that the odds of carbon forming into life sustaining compounds is greatly increased with an increase in time. The Universe works on a basis backward to the human way of thinking. The Universe becomes more orderly with time while we would tend to think that time breaks down structures. This means to us that the chances of life evolving on any part of the Universe increases as time moves forward . Another factor that is necessary for life evolving is a Star's size. Our Sun is a very ordinary star in terms of it size and temperature. Statistics show that there are billions of stars like the sun in our galaxy alone. ( Henbest & Couper, 1989, paragraph 5 ) Life evolving in one of these star systems may have developed in the same way humans have. Philosophers have argued for centures about how to define life. " If we study living things on the Earth, we find that there are some very basic characteristics that will guide us when we consider life elsewhere in the Universe." ( Henbest & Couper, 1989, paragraph 7 ) Life on Earth shows immense diversity. From organisms such as sea slugs to the human being. All life on Earth are made up of the same basic units, cells. Each cell is built up from chains of carbon, the most importan... ... existance of extraterrestrials. It remains a mystery to many though whether they exist on Earth or even at all. To say that extraterrestrials don't exist throughout the Universe is not a valid belief. There are simply too many ways or forms of which to find life throughout the Universe, intelligent or not. The odds of life on an intelligent or non intelligent scale in our own Milky way are pretty good on their own. To my belief, the Universe is teaming with life, I cannot say for sure whether we have been visited by any but this is all plausible. I remain captivated at the thought of an advanced civilization aiding mankind in advancement of our species. I hope one day we as a race will become one advanced enough morally socially and politically that war of any kind is non-existant and we will live in a world in which we get along with one another regardless of petty differences. To an advanced civilization, we must all seem just the same to each other , they would probably have compassion to the human ways and this is why they may have taken on the responsibility of helping us advance as a civilization so that we may create a bond with beings of another origin.

Going to College Essay

Decisions require a lot of thorough thinking before acting. An important time in my life was to make the big decision to go to college. Any important decision requires steps to ensure that everything is completed in the correct manner. I did not follow any sort of formal process. However, I did weigh the pros and cons first and exhaust all options before making my final decision. First, I checked into several different schools in the surrounding area to see which would be a better fit for me and also see which ones offered the degree that I was in search of. After thinking of going to class several nights a week, I decided to explore the online university options. Online classes are much more flexible and seemed to suit me much better. I started my own my own business, which made me extremely busy. With online classes, I knew that I would be able to do things on my schedule instead of someone else’s schedule. Attending online classes and campus once a week, was the best option I would have as a businessman. After a lot of research, I decided that the University of Phoenix best fit my needs and what I was looking for with my personal goals. Phoenix also offered the degree that I was looking to obtain. So, going to Phoenix was my final decision. I’ve been going to Phoenix for about two years. Since I have completed about 70% of my education, I’m close to obtaining my Bachelors degree in Business. As the reading states in Management: Leading and Collaborating in a Competitive World, the six stages in the decision making process are Identifying and diagnosing the problem, generating alternative solutions, evaluating alternatives, making choices, implementing the decision, and evaluating the decision. I identified the problem in my situation when I decided that I needed to go to school. The second step is generating alternative solutions, and the third step is evaluating the alternatives which I did by exploring my options and looking at online universities and brick and mortar schools as well. I then made the choice and implemented my decision. The only step that I did not do is evaluating the decision last. I evaluated the decision before I implemented it. I strongly recommend everyone to follow the decision making process. Following the process could definitely help to make healthy and intelligent decisions. Reference: Bateman, T. S., & Snell, S. A. (2011). Management: Leading & collaborating in a competitive world (9th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Irwin.

Bless Me Ultima Def

Lopez 1 Tiffani Lopez Ms. Carlos Period 4 March 4, 2013 DEF Term: Pathos Definition: the quality or power in an actual life experience or in literature, music, speech, or other forms of expression, of evoking a feeling of pity or compassion. (http://dictionary. reference. com/browse/pathos? s=t) Example: In Chapter 6 of Rudolfo Anaya’s Bless Me Ultima, Anaya uses pathos, â€Å"For the first time I would be away from the protection of my mother (Anaya51). Function: The pathos used on the above example is significant because it explains the amount of love and attachment Antonio has towards his mother, Maria. Related article: Arguments Made in Take the Tortillas Out of Your PoetryIt shows how she big of an impact she is in his life. It also portrays the typical relationship between son and mother. In which, the mother is playing the protective, nurturing guardian. While her offspring –son (in this case) – is naive to the â€Å"real world. † In the text where it states that this would be the first time Antonio would be leaving his mother, can be compared to the baby bird leaving the nest. The character of Maria could relate to the nest and the baby bird to Antonio. The nest representing protection and security, and the baby bird represents fear and shyness. This Lopez 2Comparison foreshadows how naive and timid Antonio becomes in the absence of his mother at school. This pathos sets up a mood of compassion. The mood is compassion because Antonio’s fear and angst is understandable. The author is arguing that Antonio wants mature and become a man, but is fearful b ecause this is something completely new to him. The overall tone of this example of pathos is worried. The tone is this because you can sense Antonio’s worry for himself without his mother. The point of the pathos was to bring attention the importance of a maternal figure in Antonio’s life.The overall theme communicated by using this pathos is that life is a learning experience; learning something new, you learn scared. Plath’s point was to evoke concern whether Antonio will â€Å"survive† school. The pathos relates to the entire chapter 6 because throughout the chapter Antonio admits to wishing for his mother’s presence because he is lonely, but expected to become a man. Works Cited â€Å"Pathos. † Dictionary. com Unabridged. Random House, Inc. 03 Mar. 2013. . Anaya, Rudolfo A. Bless Me, Ultima. New York: Warner Books, 1994. Print.

Birth Order and Aggressive Behavior Essay

ABSTRACT The purpose of this research is to determine if birth order correlates to a demonstration of aggressiveness in kindergarten aged children. It is hypothesized that middle born children will demonstrate the most aggressive tendencies, last born children would experience less than the first born, and only children would have the least when compared to all other birth orders. This quasi-experimental methodology will involve a field study of children from the ten kindergarten classes at the Seoul American Elementary School (SAES). Teachers will be asked to complete the Child Behavior Scale (CBS) inventory on each child, used to measure six behavior categories related to aggression. Each CBS inventory will include birth data for the student whose behavior was observed. The findings are expected to show a correlation between birth order and a tendency toward aggression. INTRODUCTION Everyone who is born into a family arrives relative to other children who have already been born or will be at some point in the future or perhaps as an only child. Birth order does not permanently mark each child such as race or gender, but it can impact on the way a person responds to the environment. There have been a number of studies done on the relationship of birth order to personality, intelligence, anxiety and other characteristics with the belief that each child born into a family is treated differently based on their birth order, family interaction and subsequent challenges. Some birth order theorists believe that a child’s position in the family greatly influences their personality characteristics which directly affect their behavior both inside and outside of the home (Morales). Not every theorist has the same view and there are those that believe a psychological birth order has more impact than the physical birth order on the development of personality characteristics (Campbell, White & Stewart, 1991). In his book, Born to Rebel, Frank Sulloway describes how birth order influences our lives in many different ways from achievement to rebellion and from conformity to creativity (The Edge, 1998). While firstborns and laterborns are not much different in overall levels of creativity, the differences in how that creativity is exercised is very different. Firstborns are more likely to win the Nobel Prize by intellectual achievement within the system while the younger siblings will be more inclined to accept radical innovations in science and social though. His findings showed that revolutionaries and those who supported them were disproportionately likely to be later-borns (Sulloway, 1999). While not every social scientist agreed with Sulloway’s research (Harris, 1995; e.g., Falbo, 1997 ), others conducted follow-up studies that confirmed the original findings (Zweigenhaft & Ammon, 2000), and Freese, Powell & Steelman discovered measures in addition to birth order to help explain reasons for various behaviors (1999). This study hopes to build on previous research to determine whether a correlation exists between birth order and a child’s tendency to demonstrate aggressiveness. METHOD Coordination with the Seoul American Elementary School (SAES), a Department of Defense Dependent School located on Yongsan Army Base, Yongsan, Seoul, Korea, will be done to get permission for the study. Permission from the school and the parents of the children selected will be obtained prior to the start of this study. PARTICIPANTS This study will be conducted in the classroom during normal school hours for all students attending the ten full day Kindergarten classes at SAES during a specified 30 day period of the school year. There will be approximately 360 students for this study with an equal number of girls and boys, with 45% of the class comprised of Asian-Americans, 20% African-Americans, 15%  Latin-Americans and the remainder Caucasians. APPARATUS/MATERIALS Teachers will be provided the Child Behavior Scale (CBS) inventory as a means to assess aggressive, prosocial, and withdrawn behaviors of children ages 5-6 years of age. The CBS contains 59 items for which the teacher must respond using a 3-point response scale (1=doesn’t apply, 2=applies sometimes, 3=certainly applies) (Ladd & Profilet, 1996). The CBS measures six categories of behavior as follows: aggressiveness with peers, prosocial behavior with peers, exclusion by peers, asocial behavior with peers, hyperactive-distractible behavior, and anxious-fearful behavior. Copies of the CBS inventory and permission for its use will be obtained from its author, Dr. Gary Ladd, at Arizona State University (an email request has been sent copy of email attached). PROCEDURE Teachers from the 10 Kindergarten classes will observe their students for a specified 30 days during the school year, completing the CBS inventory for each student during that time. The teacher will indicate the birth order of the child on the completed inventory which will then be turned in to the SAES front office to be picked up by the study group. RESULTS The expected results will validate the hypothesis that middle born children will tend to demonstrate more aggressive behavior than either first born, last born or only children. Tables are expected to be used for this study and will include a listing of the CBS subscale items related to firstborn, middleborn, lastborn and onlyborn, further identified by girl and boy. An example follows: DISCUSSION Apart from the effects of birth order, there is little information about the ways in which the nonshared environment influences human development, mainly because psychologists have not been successful in developing direct measures of this environment. The challenge for future researchers lies in devising ways to test competing hypotheses that bear on the nature and influence of this elusive environment. Peer groups are an important aspect of this type of environmental influence, but so is the family environment and life experiences as well (Sulloway, 98). REFERENCES Campbell, L., White, J., & Stewart, A. (1991). The relationship of psychological birth order to actual birth order. Individual Psychology, 47: 380-391. Falbo, T. (1997). To rebel or not to rebel? Is this the birth order question? Contemporary Psychology, 42: 938-939. Freese, J., Powell, B., Steelman, L.C., (1999). Rebel without a cause or effect: birth order and social attitudes. American Sociological Review, 64: 207-231. Harris, Judith Rich. (1995). Where is the child’s environment? A group socialization theory of development. Psychological Review, 102: 458-89. How is Personality Formed? A Talk with Frank J. Sulloway (1998). The Edge Foundation, Inc., Third Culture. Accessed on 13 Feb 2004 at: www.edge.org/3rd_culture/sulloway . Ladd, G. & Profilet, S. (1996). The child behavior scale: A teacher-report measure of young children’s aggressive, withdrawn, and prosocial behaviors. Development Psychololgy, 32 (6), 1008-1024. Morales, C. (1994). Birth Order Theory: A Case for Cooperative Learning. Journal of Instructional Psychology 21: 246-250. Rubin, R. & Hubbard, J. (2003). Children’s verbalizations and cheating behavior during game playing: the role of sociometric status, aggression, and gender. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 31: 65-78. Solo, R., MacLin, M., (2002). Experimental Psychology. Boston: Allyn & Bacon. Sulloway, F. (1999). â€Å"Birth Order† in Runco, M. & Pritzker, eds., Encyclopedia of Creativity, 1:189-202. Zweigenhaft, R., Ammon, J., (2000). Birth Order and Civil Disobedience: A Test of Sulloway’s ‘Born to Rebel’ Hypothesis. Journal of Social Psychology, 140: 624-628.

What Does It Mean to Be Well-Educated Essay

In the article â€Å"What Does It Mean to Be Well-Educated† Mr. Kohn point out 6 points on being educated. Point 1.The Point of Schooling. (Nel Noddings the professor emerita at Stanford University, urges us to reject â€Å"the deadly notion that the schools’ first priority should be intellectual development† and contends that â€Å"the main aim of education should be to produce competent, caring, loving, and lovable people.†) I like this quote on the purposes of education. I work in a Christian School the maine goal for us as teachers and coaches is to participate in the development of a well-rounded student so they can learn the knowledge and skills they need to be successful in life. The next point that I would like to discuss is the concept of evaluating people as a whole vs. someone’s education. In this point Mr. Kohn talks about the difference in being well educated and the difference from simply being provided with a poor education. Is there a difference? I personally believe there are different types of education and not all people learn the same way. In the city that I live in there are many choices for schools from private to public. In some cases people move multiple times to keep their children in the district with the best schools. You must look at the person and where they came from in some families unfortunately education is not a main concern survival as a whole may be. Therefore we must look at the whole person not just the education someone may have. The next point is the absence of consensus, in this point Mr. Kohn discusses what a high school student should know or be able to do. He goes on to talk about the local and state and national standards. Should they all be the same? I believe it would be hard for every state to have the same standards across the board for education. There are going to be obvious areas where education is valued and areas where simply surviving is important. The district in my area is too large and some of the same standards do not make sense and applied to each town and county. I think that having standards is a good thought but there should be a better way of measuring these standards than simply testing the students sometimes individuals are not very good at test taking. Another important point Kohn discusses is all the definitions used for accommodations and school terms that do not make sense. The concept of seat time, which is the idea of being in a seat for a specific amount of  time dose not mean that you are well-educated. Just by setting in a lecture or listening to a new concept doesn’t always mean that you will retain that information that was being taught. The average person forgets or can’t remember what was said to them 48 hours ago. Another term is the term job skills Kohn states that â€Å"It would be a mistake to reduce schooling to vocational preparation, if only because we can easily imagine graduates who are well-prepared for the workplace (or at least for some workplaces)† In this statement he is telling us that someone with just one skill will be at a disadvantage, throughout life because of the way the world is changing with new technology that is making everything move quicker. The idea of test score is a point that interests me as well, just because you scored well on tests does not necessarily mean that you will be able to retain information from what you read. I think that some people have anxiety when it comes to tests specifically those with time limits and the added pressure of scoring well. In some cases teachers are under so much pressure to teach what will be on the test more then the concepts formulas of the material of the class. They are not always teaching what the proper foundations are of the subject. They are required to have certain scores for their classrooms to be successful. Another interesting point that is made is the Memorization of a bunch o’ facts. Kohn explains, â€Å"Familiarity with a list of words, names, books, and ideas is a uniquely poor way to judge who is well-educated.† Just because you can talk about great authors remember some quotes and tell some theories doesn’t mean you are well informed. Kohn also talks about the hierarchy of the graduation process and who is in charge of deciding who passes and fails because of a standardized test. It seams to be problem in multiple states. To be able to graduate you must fit in the required credits courses requirements. â€Å"This is disturbing not merely because of the inherent limits of the tests, but also because teaching becomes distorted when passing those tests becomes the paramount goal. Students arguably receive an inferior education when pressure is applied to raise their test scores, which means that high school exit exams may actually lower standards.† With this statement you can see that Mr. Kohn feels that’s the test scores are not actually relevant to all. He goes on to tell us more about the â€Å"Pass this standardized test or you don’t graduate,† If we look at most states we see that they are using curriculum standards to help students graduate with  the same standards as others students in other states. Students are learning facts, skills, and sub skills that they are expected to master at the grade level to continue on to the next grade level. The final point Kohn brings about talking about what it takes to be well-educated. Kohn, lists some qualities that are used to help you to succeed. â€Å"Schooling is organized around problems, projects, and questions – as opposed to facts, skills, and disciplines.† If teachers can focus on this and apply this to there classroom then knowledge and learning become exciting for the students. â€Å"Teachers are generalists first and specialists (in a given subject matter) second;† With this statement you can see that if you can apply this to your class room that you can succeed and continue to have a great learning environment. Well-educated people have general knowledge of world needed for making rational decisions in personal and intellectual life and basic skills, which develops the analytical ability to order and adapt to the changing environment. With an open mind, which helps to set up new and different goals in life, and with experiences and the skill to analyze and value the others’ ideas or thoughts. In Proverbs 1:7–9. 7 the fear of the LORD is the beginning of knowledge, but fools despise wisdom and discipline. 8 Listen, my son, to your father’s instruction and do not forsake your mother’s teaching. 9 They will be a garland to grace your head and a chain to adorn your neck. This verse speaks to the lessons you have learned not only from your parents and the Bible but also from your time in school. Learning never ends to be well-educated you need to have the desire to learn and grow as the world continues to change.

Intercultural communication( this is the course I'm studying, not the Assignment - 3

Intercultural communication( this is the course I'm studying, not the topic) - Assignment Example These include eye contact, tone, and nodding. Compared to juror number 3, who uses a confrontational tone, this juror is emotional and touching in his speech. This appears to be a necessary part of his struggle to express himself and have the courtroom to better understand the accused. Juror 3 and 11 seem to be the opposites of each other (Reilly and Stooksbury 37). I think that classmate one has provided an accurate depiction of juror number 3, and helped to reaffirm my argument that he exhibits a striking contrast with juror 11. I believe that the experiences and personalities of all jurors are manifested in their behavior in the courtroom. The case has presented them with an opportunity to characterize the accused based on what they feel and think (Niemiec and Wedding 19). I also agree with classmate 2 on his description of juror number 8, although I think that he left out critical points like the juror’s background that defines his

Police Association of New Orleans v. City of New orleans Case Study

Police Association of New Orleans v. City of New orleans - Case Study Example The new system offered better base salary, better equipment facilities for street personnel, high power rifles, additional state supplemental pay, and a range of other improved facilities. The PANO could effectively deal with various obstacles and perform a prominent role in organizing other police unions throughout the south. Background In the middle of 1980s, a group of African-American police officers claimed that policies related to promotion and hiring in New Orleans Police Department (NOPD) were discriminatory. In order to solve this issue, the City of New Orleans agreed to issue a decree for the African-American police officers on May 27, 1987 (Justia.com). The term ‘decree’ means a rule of law that is issued by someone in authority within the legal system. Generally, decree is issued by the head of state. Although, a decree does not constitute all the features of an order, this particular degree represents certain specific procedures. The main intention of this d ecree was to ensure equal employment opportunities in NOPD and thereby eliminate all sorts of racial discrimination practices. Obviously, the decree brought considerable modifications in the NOPD’s promotion procedures mainly with the aim to increase the opportunities for the advancement of African-American officers. The proposed decree enforced the creation of supernumerary positions. However, a group of officers who are not African-American raised voice against this provision. In order to comply with the framed stipulation structure, PANO informed NOPD its need to maintain additional regular sergeant positions. The City has made certain adjustments in the administration of sergeant appointment in order to give equal priority to African-American officers and other officers. As a result of this practice, the city could maintain a total of 16 new sergeants, out of which six African-American officers were from Band 6 and ten non African-American officers were from Band 5. The P ANO and other 24 police officers who were not African-American alleged that the City dealt with certain transfers and promotions in a manner that violated the intention of the decree. In fact, all the 24 police officers who opposed the move were already in Band 5 of the Commission’s promotional register, and hence, according to them, promoting the Band 6 African-Americans adversely affected the employment opportunity of those 24 individual officers. The plaintiffs argued that the transfers and promotions that were exercised on 31st December 1993 were a blatant violation of the equal protection and due process clauses of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, and Article I, Section 3 of the Louisiana Constitution of 1974† (Findlaw). The district court found that the promotions and transfer practices of the City on 31st December 1993 were against the decree and fundamental laws of the US constitution. Although, the district court gave the City an oppo rtunity to find an effective remedy that would correct the identified violations, the City could not frame a potential remedy within the specified date. As a result, the court ordered the City to pay $5,000 per day as fine until the City brought a reasonable solution to the issue. The City proposed another remedy soon, but that too was judged unsatisfactory by the court. After a series

Week 2 Participation Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Week 2 Participation Questions - Essay Example Misinterpreting messages that are sent using online communication tools is a common occurrence. Sometimes online communication leads to misunderstanding because the receptor never read the message and the sender assumed that it was read. Imagine a customer that sends three emails complaining about something, but due to a system error nobody at the company ever received the messages. The customer assumes the messages were read and the customer service of the company is poor. I understand your perspective that person to person communication can be much harder than other ways of communication. One of the primary reasons for this is that emotions are always present during person to person communication. It is much easier to block the emotional aspect of communicating when there is a computer in front of you instead of a real person. Also when a person is in a tough spot in a person to person communication it is hard to get out of the situation without hurting the others feelings. If a phone communication is going downhill it is simple just to hang up and blame the communication cutoff on technical difficulties. I agree with you that online communication is the best way to keep track of a conversation or message. Online communications such as emails are automatically saved without any special commands. The content of an email can be easily transferred into database software to save the conversation for quality assurance purpose and to document the incident. In the business world documentation of conversation is extremely important to reduce liability and other risks. Also the online medium is the fastest and cheapest alternative that provides companies with the greatest reach. After reading your personal miscommunication at work example my view is that in order to prevent miscommunication from occurring when dealing with complex situations that require fast action team members need to have identical written copies of the

U.S. Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

U.S. Law - Essay Example In business agreements, it is generally presumed by courts that there is an intention to create legal relations unless the parties insert a clause that their agreement shall not be binding in law but shall be binding in honor only. A contract is an agreement between two or more persons which is intended to create legally binding obligations. The word 'binding' is used for there are some contract which are valid but are not enforceable contract, certain basic requirements must be present. There must be an agreement based upon genuine consent of parties, supported by consideration and unable for a lawful object between competent parties. (Hussain, 2002).An offer may be made to a specific person or to any member of a group of persons or to the world at large, but it can not form the basis of a contract until it has been accepted an ascertained person or group of persons.For this case, the owner of happy acres made an offer to sell his property on March 15th to an interesting buyer. He o ffered to sell his property for $200,000, closing to take place 18 days of acceptance, time being of essence. The offeror added that if the offeree sent him a non refundable $4000, the offer would remain open for 30 days from the date thereof. This meant that if the offeree paid a non-refundable $4000, the offer would remain open for 30 days.The owner of Happyacres was told by a business acquaintance that he thought that would pay up to $275,000 for Happyacres on March 25th and he changed his mind and wrote a letter on March 26th. The offeror was actually revoking the original offer

Measurement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Measurement - Essay Example neers observe measurements, why measurements are much needed in the world, the role of measurements in quality control, and different type of measurements techniques used in engineering will be discussed. The term â€Å"measurement† is derived from the Greek word metron which means limited proportion. The first measurement systems were astronomical objects. Babylonians and Egyptians are believed to have invented use of measurement. However, they mainly used comparisons to measure things. For example, they would compare capacity of containers by filling the smaller container and emptying it into the bigger one to measure the volumes (Manseau & Shields, 2005). However, Gabriel Mouton, who was an astronomer, invented the metric system. He also suggested the swing length of pendulum, which is used as a unit of measuring length. In engineering and construction, there are different metric systems depending on what is being measured. For example, construction materials that are in liquid form are measured using measures such as gallons and liters. In case of length, units such as inches, meters, and feet are used depending on the size being measured. While measuring mass, unit such as pounds, kilograms, and grams are applied (Manseau & Shields, 2005). Although scientists make use of standardized metric units, there are two different types of metric systems. The type of metric system being used depends on the application. When measuring small units of length or mass, engineers make use of the CGS (centimeter-gram-second) system. However, MKS (meter-kilogram-second) system is used while measuring large quantities (Manseau & Shields, 2005). With globalization, metric system is becoming widely acceptable worldwide though some countries such as United States are resistant to switch to the metric system. US makes use of a mixture of different systems of measurement. In 1960, the General Conference of Weights and Measures revised and simplified the measurement system. Seven

IRAQ Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

IRAQ - Essay Example It has a  span  of 437,072 km2. The Northern part is mountainous with the highest point being Cheekah Dar, which is 3,611m. Idaho is half its’ size. The capital city of Iraq is Baghdad other cities include; Mosul,  Basrah, Kirkuk,  Erbil  and  Sulaymaniyah.  Iraq’s  terrain  is characterised  by  broad  plains, reedy marshes in the south and mountainous  landscape  in the north.  It  ismostly  dry  and  hot  since it is a desert. The Iraq’s total population as at April 2009  was estimated  to be 31.2 million. According to Central Intelligence Agency, 75% of the Iraq population comprises of Arabs. This  is followed  by Kurds who are 15-20%, and while others include only 5% (Cotter, 2011). Iraq has a federal government that defined by the constitution as Islamic, federal, democratic, and  parliamentary  and republic (Cotter, 2011). This government has three branches, the executive, judiciary and legislature. The government has  many  independent  commissions. There are areas in Iraq that has governorates apart from the federal government. Some districts have jurisdiction regarding some  lawful  matters. The governorates in Iraq are eighteen and  are divided  into districts. Iraqi Kurdistan is a  region  that  is legally defined  having quasi-official militia and its own government. In 2005, Iraq passed a new constitution by 78% majority voting in favour of it. The new constitution got greatest  support  from Shia and Kurdish communities (Cotter, 2011). Oil is the greatest contributor to Iraq’s economy. It provides most of the foreign exchange earnings to Iraq. The economy of Iraq suffered  extensive  losses due to the war and lost close to US$100 billion. After the war, oil exports have tremendously increased new pipelines  were constructed, and damaged facilities restored. Low oil prices, costs of construction and war debts repayments made Iraq suffer  immense  financial crisis (Tripp, 2007). Iraq got a debt relief that was to be

Fracking Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Fracking - Research Paper Example Any support and activities on fracking is equivalent to sitting on a time bomb and doing nothing about it. It is time for environmentalist to take action and stop fracking activities before the earth is in for irreversible troubles. Fracking and its related activities cause numerous harm to the environment and human beings, in addition to being unethical practice, and thus, it should be stopped. Fracking uses a lot of water, which in most cases is not available at the fracking site. Therefore, the stakeholders involved seek water also used by the community, which leads to depletion of community water sources; depleting water supplies could affect the cost of water for farmers and nearby communities. Transportation of water to the sites is very expensive, and the costs used in this transportation would have been put into better use like supporting the needy in society. Not to forget that clean water is a precious resource and scarce; hence it is very unfair to misuse it for fracking activities (Berkowitz 24). Moreover, transportation of this water uses a lot of energy, which can be put into other useful uses. Furthermore, the tracks for transporting this water release toxic gases into the atmosphere, which pollutes the air and cause environmental degradation. Furthermore, trucks used to transport the fluids cause extensive destruction of roads hence increase in the costs ass ociated with road renovation. The transport trucks are also responsible for noise pollution, not forgetting the large volumes of dusts associated with them. A combination of the above negative effects causes discomfort on the locals around the fracking sites hence in flinching on their rights to clean and healthy environment. Research shows that the chemicals used in fracking have carcinogenic properties; in the event that they escape through accidents or leakages and contaminate ground water, serious health concern arises due to possible

British Sky Broadcasting Limited Essay Example for Free

British Sky Broadcasting Limited Essay The share price calculated for BskyB using the residual income valuation model is  £ 3.72, which is  £ 5.64 below the market share price of around  £ 9.36. Reason for such depleted share price is that the profits reported by BskyB are not showing the impact of the equity capital and hence valuing the BskyB stock on the basis of reported profit for the period doesn’t show the true and fair view of BskyB share price. The price calculate by using the residual income valuation model is showing that how the cost of equity capital has affected the profits of BskyB and thus reporting a decreased value of the company and for the share price as well. Operating income predicted on the basis of the growth rate is showing a constant increase in the operating income in the future period. It is very important for BskyB to achieve a higher rate of growth in revenues which will ultimately gives rise to the need of investing in BskyB’s operating assets and thus both variables will end up with the increased value of company per share for the next period forecast. As the value of company is equal to the net present value of future cash flows discounted at appropriate rate of return to the investor. So the company should try focusing growth in its revenue rather than expending its business in the UK and around the globe. Return on net operating assets of BskyB is also decreasing in the next three years period. The decrease is miner but this is a sign that BskyB could be in more depressed financial conditions if attention is not paid to the growth rate of revenue. As in the above graph the return on net operating assets has been dropped from 49.00% to 48.99%. As the investors are much interested in the future prospects of the company rather than the historical performance of company. At first instance the investor will forecast the value of its investment and if the investment is generating some additional amount on their investment and if investment is not generating any additional return on it then they will consider the alternative company to invest. Following would be the basic assumptions: 1- The stock price can be predicted by using the residual income valuation model. 2- The relationship of current stock price and between the predicted share prices is significant. 3- Share piece of BskyB calculated using the residual income method divided by the current share price is more reliable and appropriate as compared to the book value of stock divided by the current value of stock. 4- The cost of capital will remain the same in the period under forecast which is 5.73%. 5- Terminal value will grow at the rate of industrial sector growth which is 4.00%. 6- Tax rate will not change. 7- Company will invest continuously in its operating assets. Investment recommendations: 1-As BskyB Vodafone are already partners, Vodafone has its customer base and the BskyB has the numerous type of entertainment and various license for the sports events. Recently the BskyB has announced that for the upcoming soccer league season the company has spent 299 million pound. If company sign a contract with Vodafone to show its direct broadcast to the Vodafone users than it will not only enhance the customer base of BskyB but will also promotes its sport broadcasting channels. (Thomson, 2014) Moreover, this could be more beneficial if the company also provides high speed broad band services to its Vodafone customer on a very cheap rate by introducing some attractive sport events covering packages. As the company has a strong customer base of 4.9 million. This will certainly be increased by taking over this investment opportunity. Because the competitor there is capturing the market share very rapidly (British Telecommunications) and due to BT BskyB has lost 1.5 billion pound of its value in November. So it is much vital for BskyB to maximize the revenue by investing in secure opportunities. (PLUNKETT, 2014) 2- â€Å"British Sky Broadcasting Group Plc, known as BskyB, (BSYBY.PK,BSY.L), Friday said it agreed to invest $8 million in Luminari Capital, a venture capital fund focusing on technology and media startup companies that operate within the theme of innovation in video. This investment is expected to aid Sky to choose relevant startup companies to partner with in the future†. (British Sky To Invest $8 Mln In Luminari Capital Quick Facts, 2013) As the broadcasting industry needs continuously development and up gradation of its broadcasting technology and thus it will need investment to achieve that level of competitive broadcasting to compete within the industry and make keep its distinctive position in the UK  broadcasting industry. Furthermore, UK film industry has also called for investment from BskyB of 20 million pound annually; this is major part of the annual investment in the UK film industry which signifies the position of BskyB in the UK broadcasting industry. (Macnab, 2014) As the strategy of BskyB has always remain customer focused and the company has always aimed high to serve its customer with its robust and highly innovative broadcasting technology, from a long period the company has reaped the fruits of its consumer focused strategies. So again the company has the opportunity to gain several film licenses by dominating is position to generate considerable cash flows in future. Already the company is the choice of around 40% of the British household and such continuous significant investment opportunities can turn the ship of BskyB around the globe. 3-As the company is in the industry in which it is required to maintain a research and development for its broadcasting equipment. Currently the company pays a large portion of its earning to the supplier for the payment of equipment which it has purchased time to time. If the company invests in such a operating facility which is well equipped and has the capacity to produce the all tangible broadcasting equipment and as it will also have its RD department then off course it can innovate its products in house and frequently. This will also be considered as separate revenue generating business segment of BskyB which will ultimately increase the company’s potential to increase its revenue in upcoming periods. BskyB can also sell those in house broadcasting equipment to other organizations operating under the umbrella of the broadcasting. More over a company like BskyB must also consider the investing in the other competitors as it has already invested in many other media and broadcasting companies. this will help the company in a manner, if in a certain year the company remains unable to show increase in its revenue it will be compensated by earning revenue from its short term or long term investments. References: Thomson, A. 2014. Vodafone Said to Discuss Sharing Broadband With BSkyB in U.K. [online] 20 January. Available at: http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-01-20/vodafone-said-to-discuss-sharing-broadband-with-bskyb-in-u-k-.html [Accessed: 31 March]. PLUNKETT, S. 2014. Vodafone, BSkyB in talks to curb BTs broadband reach report. [online] 19 January. Available at: http://uk.reuters.com/article/2014/01/19/uk-vodafone-bskyb-idUKBREA0I09C20140119 [Accessed: 31 March 2014]. British Sky To Invest $8 Mln In Luminari Capital Quick Facts. 2013. [online] 15 November. Available at: http://www.rttnews.com/2224924/british-sky-to-invest-8-mln-in-luminari-capital-quick-facts.aspx [Accessed: 31 March]. Macnab, G. 2014. UK panel urges broadcasters to invest. [online] 23 January. Available at: http://www.screendaily.com/news/uk-panel-urges-broadcasters-to-invest/5065719.article [Accessed: 31 March].

Explore how Jane Austen presents the themes of love and marriage in volume 1 of Pride and Prejudice Essay Example for Free

Explore how Jane Austen presents the themes of love and marriage in volume 1 of Pride and Prejudice Essay It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife. The novel begins with a satirical quote, representing many peoples opinions on love and marriage at the time of writing. To many, marriage was a way of bettering themselves socially and economically, but seldom for happiness and love. Throughout the novel there are numerous and frequent references to this way of thinking, and Austen makes characters who think of love and marriage in this way appear ridiculous. One character made to look absurd is Mrs. Bennet. Most find her intolerable, and even her own daughters and husband are embarrassed by her regularly. In chapter one she says, A single man of large fortune What a fine thing for our girls! Nothing of Mr. Bingleys character is mentioned, but the fact that he is wealthy seems reason enough for Mrs. Bennet to approve of him. As will be future explored, Mrs. Bennet is derided throughout the novel, clearly showing that Austen herself does not approve of her way of thinking, as it is centred around the material rather than being centred around love or moral reasons. Despite being under constant pressure from her mother, due to the details of the entailment on the Bennets estate, Jane Bennet desires to marry for love, and eventually does so. The ever-important matter of money, however, does lie at the back of her mind. In chapter four, Elizabeth says, I give you leave to like him. You have liked many a stupider person. This suggests that Jane has courted men before, but they have either been lacking in character or in money, so she has not pursued their affections. In chapter four following the first ball a conversation between Jane and Elizabeth Bennet takes place. Rather than mentioning Bingleys fortune, Jane states that she admirers him due to his being sensible, good humoured, lively and states that she has never seen such happy manners. Throughout the book Jane is described positively, which influences the reader to think highly of her and views on marrying for love as just. Elizabeth, too, is presented as sensible and likeable. Though she mentions that the moment she fell in love with Mr. Darcy was after first seeing his beautiful grounds at Pemberley, she also mentions that she fell in love with him gradually, ensuring that his wealth was not the only factor taken in to account as she accepted his second proposal of marriage. Her primary interest seems to be in marrying for love, as she turned down a proposal from Mr. Collins which would have ensured her money, a home and a good reputation. With all of this taken into account, Eliza refuses due to Mr. Collins personality and the fact that she does not love him. In chapter nineteen Mr. Collins another ridiculed character makes his first proposal to Elizabeth. He makes it clear that he only makes the proposal due to Catherine DeBurghs advice. He also thinks it may benefit his happiness, though mentions nothing of hers. Much of the proposal is an insult to Miss Bennet as he retells Lady Catherines exact words (let her be an active, useful person, not brought up too high). Mr. Collins obviously does not love Elizabeth, nor is he pretending so. He seems to think that, due to the fact that he has good connections, Elizabeth would jump at the chance of marrying him. She refuses politely, yet Mr. Collins cannot see why she would refuse his offer. He is a prime example of someone who doesnt think love is a necessity for a successful marriage. He sees his proposal as an honourable gesture; as a way to compensate the Bennet family for the fact that he shall inherit the house upon Mr. Bennets death, but somewhat selfishly to better his own status and comfort. Soon after this, as Mr. Collins retreats with a slightly bruised ego, we learn that Miss Charlotte Lucas, a close friend of the Bennets, has accepted another proposal from Collins, presumably one of the same type. After Elizabeth confronts her on the news of their engagement Charlotte justifies her thoughts with the following: I am not romantic I ask only a comfortable home connections, and situation in life, I am convinced my chance of happiness with him is fair, as most people can boast on entering the marriage state. This, as well as her earlier comment relating to Jane fixing Mr. Bingley (almost as though discussing an animal, or assuming Bingley is broken due to his being unmarried). Perhaps Charlotte only seeks the above, or perhaps she is worried about what her peers would say about her being unmarried at such an age. In this period in time, women were talked about if unmarried in their late twenties. Someone with an opposite view to Charlotte is Caroline Bingley. Where the Bennet sisters and Charlotte Lucas aim to marry high and ensure their financial security, Caroline seems to scorn them for wishing to do so. She disapproves of Jane and her brothers relationship, which can be gathered from her trying to keep the fact that Jane was in London at the same time as her brother a secret. She seems convinced that her friends marrying anyone of a lower rank would be shameful, and that anyone wishing to marry her brother of Mr. Darcy must be after their money. While chasing the hope of gaining a desirable social status and money, Caroline Bingley may well forget about love and, even if it ever came along, may well suppress it in hopes of something better. The issue of indipendence may also be one that Miss Bingley considers. She lives with her brother and has to up and leave when he does so. The security and indipendence a marriage would bring is surely something she would have looked forward to. Her friend, Mr. Darcy, is well aware of womens attitudes at the time. He even goes as far as to warn his best friend against Jane Bennet, as he fears that she doesnt love Bingley as is only showing an interest in him for his wealth. This cynical attitude may have grown due to his pride and perhaps the effect of spending too much time with Charles Bingleys sisters. This seems evermore the case when listening to the piano at Netherfield; he thinks to himself that it may become dangerous to pay too much attention to Lizzy. He makes it clear that he regards her of a lower class in his refused proposal (He spoke well, but there were feelings besides those of the heart to be detailed His sense of her inferiority of its being a degradation of the family obstacles.) and is obviously concerned about other peoples opinions. Despite the fact that the story ends happily and both Elizabeth and Jane marry for love, the underlying theme of the novel is, predictably, pride and prejudice. Lydia, though eager to marry Wickham for love, runs the risk of being ostracised due to her living with him outside of wedlock. This, in turn, would ruin the reputation of her sisters. Despite being in love, would Darcy and Bingley want to get married to the siblings of a disgraced woman? If Darcy had not have been able to persuade Wickham to marry Lydia, would he in turn have abandoned Elizabeth? Though Austen strongly hints that she approves of marrying for love rather than money (through satirising some characters and not others), it is clear that reputation and etiquette were still as important, if not more important than love in ones marriage.