How to Do Business In Italy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

How to Do Business In Italy - Research Paper Example It can be observed that the Italy does not have good international relation with most of the countries . In the recent times, Italy is facing significant challenges in meeting its debt requirements and the consequential harm which has been caused because of euro zone along with the EU which is quite difficult to eradicate . Economy Policy Outlook Italy is considered to be a country with heightened financial as well as economic crisis that weakens its position in the euro zone. This arises essentially from a change in market perception of the state of its public finances. Approval was received from the Parliament on September 14th 2011, regarding the budget that was designed for the period of 2012-2013 in order to minimize the budget deficit to zero in the year 2013, from 4.6% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in the year 2010 and an approximated 4% in the year 2011. Nonetheless, because of the reduction in the estimation of economic growth along with higher interest payments, it has been apparent by the month of November of the year 2011 that more funds would be required by the country in order to attain this objective. Starting a business in Italy is considered to be quite expensive rather than time consuming in Italy .In the year 2010 and in the first half of the year 2011, the country’s upturn from recession had been modest. In consequence of combination of greater fiscal difficulties, a weakening of the business confidence and sharply declining external demand, it can be expected that Italy will suffer from numerous quarters of negative quarter-to-quarter growth6. Economic Policy Economic Policy The creation of the new technocratic government has not been successful at minimizing the rate of interest on Italian government bonds considerably6. Consumer Confidence Improvements There has been significant decline in the consumer spending since April 2011. In the first three quarters of the year 2011, it was noticed that there was decline in the unadjusted value index by 0.8% year-on-year. However, after the importunate fall that initiated in the month of May of the year 2011, in the month of November of the year 2011 there was noticeable rise in the consumer confidence index to 96.5 from 93.3 in the month of October of the year 2011. It was noticed that the index remained below the average for all 12 months of 99.4. It was in the month of November 2011 when the consumers’ evaluation of the overall economic situation improved significantly7. PESTEL Analysis Prior to entering into any country, it is quite vital to conduct PESTEL analysis in order to comprehe nd the business environment of that particular country. It can be stated that the government of Italy has passed an â‚ ¬40 bn sternness program so that it can resolve its weak financial position and thus take out ways to strengthen them. It has been observed that although the government takes numerous measures in order to reduce the tax rates, it is quite high in Italy. In the year 2010, the corporate tax rate has been 31.4% which is quite higher in comparison to the EU average of 23.2%. There has been rise in the exports as well as imports to non-EU countries by

Impact Of Climate Change On Insurance Companies Commerce Essay

Impact Of Climate Change On Insurance Companies Commerce Essay Change in climate is emerging up as a new type of issue in the security aspect because of the way it affects both the life and the well-being of humans in a highly interconnected and fragile world. (Evans, 1994, 107-128) Changing climate is becoming a threat to the basic welfare and survival needs of humans across the globe, including the production of food, health, access to water and the utilization of land. Environmental deprivation rising from different kinds of economical activities of humans has increased the intensity and frequency of natural disasters throughout the world. Around the world, there has always been natural development in the weather and climate events. In fact, the insurers have become experts in modelling the disastrous risks which has now become an incorporated instrument in the insurance industry. This has helped a number of businesses to digest the losses from unexpected natural disasters without important defaults. This has now led to the fact that insurance companies have become more refined in analyzing, managing and understanding their recent risks because of their natural disasters around the world. Many of the companies in United Kingdom are observed to be improving in managing and assessing their ways of dealing with the future trends and risks of the industry. As a number of UK insurance companies have started to note it, depending on their previous weather conditions and patterns for planning out strategies for future. For this, they must identify the probability of losses and gains related to weather conditions. The impact of climate change is on a very wide range from increased amount of hurricanes, fires and floods to health and life getting affected by changing patterns of hot and cold weather. (Evans, 1994, 107-128) Physical impacts effect on insurers: Companies of insurance and reinsurance are likely to face the strong impact of the changes in climate more than other parts of the financial businesses. There are a number of examples where it is seen that that how extremely weather condition can affect the insurance companies, the government and the sectors at backstops. Whilst there are examples of how the weather changes are affecting the insurance industry because of the flexibility of the insurance sector, in other ways it is quite well positioned in adapting the changes in weather events and patterns. (David, 2007, 28-38) Threat of climate change for insurance industry: The main threat that is facing the insurance industry is climate change. This threat affects both property and casualty insurance that the insurance people. Another concern: the two sectors will have to adapt to demographic change that is looming. This emerges from a study by Ernst Young, in collaboration with Oxford Analytica. Ernst Young has compiled a top ten list of threats that will confront insurers after interviewing twenty industry leaders worldwide. According to Ernst Young, climate change tops the list because global warming is changing the climate and increases the likelihood of claims arising from floods, hurricanes and other natural phenomena. Im not sure the industry is poised to cope with climate change, warned Tom Kornya, a partner at Ernst Young, in an interview with Insurance Journal. Five years ago, this risk was not even on the list. Mr. Kornya adds that not only the sector of damage insurance that will be affected by climate change, life insurance should also deal with it sooner or later. Damage will come to insurance when climate change will result in wind storms and floods. In life insurance, the consequences will be gradual. With temperatures that may change, life insurers will face new problems in health and mortality. So there could be different types of losses. The underwriting of these products is booming and no one has yet measured that cause climate change. The success of the industry will go through the development of innovative products, which will face great uncertainty, such as typing speed and severity of climate change, he said. The second risk that the industry faces is the demographic change with the arrival of the baby boomers retire, resulting in new needs. Insurers would be under great pressure, they will need to replace governments. (Rober, 2010, 34-33) In addition to the pressure generated by this new role, insurers will also deal than their competitors. Banks, mutual fund companies and all financial institutions will struggle to get the same dollar. There is a risk there too. Insurance companies must remain innovative with their products to keep the advantage, says Kornya. (Rober, 2010, 34-33) The environment in which insurers and practice is constantly changing quickly, said Tom Kornya. We find that consumers are looking for simple, low cost products and others who want more complex products that are also more expensive. A company that will not have a multichannel access could fall into the background if it does not use Internet, media and telephone. The last two threats on the list of the top ten risks of Ernst Young are the legal uncertainties and the possibility of geopolitical or macroeconomic disturbances. In the first case, accountability and reform in terms of crime could lead to financial losses. For the second, the firm says that the threat of a severe financial crisis due to derivatives and hedge funds could be damaging to the industry. Opportunities for insurance: Climate change presents risks but also opportunities. The possible opportunities created by the effects of a changing climate may require nurturing through the dedication of attention and resources. Too often, news coverage portrays climate change as a doom-and-gloom story of impending disaster. Certainly, many of the possible impacts of climate change are likely to negatively affect us, and we must address them, but we should not ignore the possible opportunities that a changing climate could create in part by proactively adapting to them. Some economic sectors and businesses may do better because of the effects of climate change, and they should seek to identify those new economic opportunities and invest in pursuing them. Turning back to the example the reduced reliance on winter roads due to warmer average temperatures disrupts supply chains and increases costs for the mining companies operating in the region. (David, 2007, 28-38). It is a risk for insurers, but also a great opportunity, says Tom Kornya. There will be a great demand for pension products. Baby boomers look for low-cost products that generate revenue. By cons, debate the role of government in the pension is not very advanced. Insurers will be required to take this place and this is a new risk to which they are unaccustomed. Financing and advisory Companies in carbon-intensive sectors are already seeking finance to help them decrease greenhouse gas emissions. In the public sphere, large sums of capital will be needed in the coming decades to develop, modify and renew key energy, transportation and flood defense infrastructure across the world. Climate change may appear to be a slow burn issue for the financial sector, but companies would be wise to give it significant attention, as much for the emerging upsides of changing demand as for protecting themselves against the erosion of value in the long term. Hedging and trading The demand from the industry is increasing for a number of risk transfer instruments in order to protect the companies against the increase in the prices of energy, the changing patterns of weather and the probable failure of current newly introduced technologies. The occurrence of carbon among the commodities that are tradable has grown higher to complex products that are starting to pull a large number of financial organizations and allow some further violation and exploitation of the products. Consumer revenues The awareness spread about the green issues encourages growth in socially responsible investments by the consumers and organizations alike. Even though, the market for mortgages, insurance and loans that give reward to low carbon behaviour is right now less, it may increase quickly. Similarly, the increased awareness of windstorms and floods has started to increase the desire of customers who are at risk for the property and casualty insurance. Implications: There are a number of activities that the insurance industry can do in order to improve their understanding of the impact and affects of change in climate, help the society and government to understand in a better way and prepare for the risks involved in the development in fire-prone or coastal areas and make items that could protect their clients from the damage induced by the climatic change. Following are some of the implications in order to reduce the negative impact of the climate change on the insurance industry: (Evans, 1994, 107-128) Most of the climatic scientists agree that the weather conditions in future are most likely to differ that the previous weather conditions. Thus, it will be sensible for the insurers to understand in a better way, what will be the future if the predictions of the scientists are true. Risk models can be developed on the basis of these predictions with the help of expertise. We can also put more potential for the research and studies as they will provide more knowledge and analytical capacity. It will also help in enabling the insurance companies to find the hidden markets and new opportunities for their products along with the risk management and educating consumers. (Rober, 2010, 34-33) Work with the scientists in order to raise the economic relevancy and accurateness for the climatic change modeling. Disclose and acknowledge the risks of climatic change in annual security filings and by other business communications. Should take a practical approach in order to influence the planning and development of land use, in fraction as most of the expected rise in the losses are stemming out from the disastrous events that could be prevented by good spatial planning. There are a number of steps that could be taken: 1) keep the valuable property out of the risk regions and 2) grant both the economic and environmental benefits. Reference Rober, D., (2010), NAICs Climate Dogma Is Putting Insurers at Risk, National Underwriter / Property Casualty Risk Benefits Management, Pp. 34-33 Evans, S., (1994), Recent climatic change and catastrophic geomorphic processes in mountain environments, Geomorphology, Pp. 107-128 David, P., (2007), Impact of Climate, Bests Review, Pp. 28-38 the unpredictability of future climate brings significant threats for insurance companies.The unpredictability of future climate brings significant opportunities for insurance companiesConsider the arguments for and against the above statements. W $Content$ References Authors Last Name, First Initial. (Date of Publication). Title of publication. Place of Publication: Publisher.

Key Cryptography Basics :: Encryption Internet Essays

Key Cryptography Basics Problems with internet transactions As discussed in class there are several problems with internet communication. The major three are: Eavesdropping is the risk of having private information viewed as it travels from sender to recipient by a third party. The most popular fear is having your credit card number and information stolen while purchasing something online, but this would apply to any private information delivered over the internet. Tampering is the risk of a third party intercepting a private transaction of information and changing it. An example of this would be altering the recipient fields on a purchase order. Impersonation is the risk of someone impersonating a trusted recipient in order to receive private information. This Encryption Cryptograms in the newspaper are probably one of the most basic forms of encryption. A simple system of swapping letters for other letters is used to disguise the message making it indistinguishable to anyone who does not know the rules of the system. Even though the cryptogram system is so simplistic it is actually considered sporting to crack, the basic logic of encoding is the same for more sophisticated methods. Key Based Encryption (symmetric encryption) In this example of Key based encryption we first create a number conversion table so that we can apply mathematical rules to our message after converting it. Number Conversion Table: a b C d e f g h i j k l m 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 n o P q r s T u v w x y z Space 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 0 Then we decide upon a key. In order to decipher this code the recipient will also be required to posses this key. It will become obvious by the end of our example that the shorter the key the easier the code will be to crack. Key: Encrypted We then take the message and the key convert them using the conversion table and add them together. Then in order to reassign them to a letter value we take the mod base 27 in order to restrict the letter assignment to numbers within the 0 to 27 table. Message: on the internet nobody knows you are a dog

Indian Tourism Development Corporation Essay

India is really a gorgeous place of beaches, amazing monuments, breathtaking temples and architectural mosques, ash smeared sadhus and beyond the entire of magnificent Taj. Thereby, why can’t write your tourism in India essay conclusion by describing the beauty of the place and how it is unique for the visitors? If needs you can also write about the amazing traditions and culture about India. The Indian Tourism Development Corporation (ITDC) initiated ‘Incredible India’ campaign in 2005 to support and promote the tourism sector in India. You can also mention it in your tourism in India essay conclusion. Conclusion is really the key aspect of every essay. So, your essay will greatly reflect the conclusion and introduction divisions. Words are few to explain the beauty of India. India is a country with diversified culture and traditions. The natural beauty of India, festivals, dresses, heritage sites of India are very popular among tourists. These things fascinate t ravelers to come here. India has so many scenic blesses places like Kerala, Darjeeling, Goa, Kashmir, Shimla(I am just having few names) and Manali. These places are very popular. These places are prime attraction of travelers from across the world. Come, Seek and Discover. Match India’s rhythms to your heart, its colours to your mind, and find a travel experience that is yours alone. An India like no other. Friendly, warm, welcoming †¦ and uniquely your own. to most of the touristers india is still a virgin country , yet to be explored , may be the main reason is that the tourism ministry had done nothing specific to promote it., Tourism is the commercial organization and operation of vacations and visits to places of interest. Tourism is commonly associated with trans-national travel, but may also refer to travel to another location within the same country. The most important economic feature of activities related to the tourism sector is that they contribute to three high-priority goals of developing countries: the generation of income, employment, and foreign-exchange earnings. Types of Tourism Adventure travel‎ Agritourism‎ Geotourism‎ Medical tourism Space  tourism‎ Medical Tourism Medical Tourism involves people who travel to a different place to receive treatment for a disease, or a surgical procedure, and who are seeking lower cost of healthcare and higher quality of care.

Politics and Emigration Paper Essay

In Jen Sookfong Lee’s The End of East, the dreams and hardships of three generations of Chinese Canadians settled in Vancouver are explored profoundly. One dominant notion that is ever present is what leaving home symbolizes for Seid Quan – the first immigrant, Pon Man – his immigrant son and his youngest Canadian born granddaughter, Samantha. Leaving home for Samantha not only meant freedom from her own family, but also facing similar adversities like making countless sacrifices and enduring numerous obligations which both Seid Quan and Pon Man underwent as well. Although they are generations apart, they lived their lives in parallel lines; however, since they were not at ease with their own identities, they could not communicate with each other past their differences. Seid Quan was very sceptical from the beginning of his journey to Canada and all the opportunities that lie ahead of him. On the boat he hears, â€Å"†¦ but there would be jobs, good paying jobs, jobs with which you could feed your family for a year with two month’s pay and in a place with that kind of opportunity, the going could only be easy† (Lee 15-16). Even these words of promise couldn’t assure him as he clearly observed that he doesn’t see any rich man on the boat. Later, he is reminded by other immigrants that he can doubt all he wants, but remember how much money the people in his village saved to send him to this golden mountain (Lee 16). At that point he realises the moral obligation towards the villagers and prepares himself for the sacrifices he will need to make. Therefore, he picked up any work that came knocking i.e. cleaning at a tailor store. To deceive himself he would say, â€Å"As long as I can send money home, that’s enough for me† (Lee 29). For Seid Quan, leaving home meant an opportunity, a chance to end poverty for his family and the villagers back in China but at the cost of being lonely. Not only was he lonely from leaving everyone he knew behind; he never got the sense of belonging in Canada even after working hard, â€Å"They are not citizens and they do not vote, so, like the ge neration before them who died, weathered and forgotten, on the cold rail lines, their suffering is barely noticed† (Lee 44). For Pon Man, leaving home wasn’t a choice; rather it was imposed on him by his parents. Even though it wasn’t his preference, he had high ambitions and expectations from Vancouver, Canada. On the contrary, his dreams start to tremble since the very first day as he says to his father, â€Å"I don’t see anything worth money here, just a room we have to share.† Disregarding the fact that Pon Man grew a teenager without even seeing his dad, he did not like his father for plenty of other reasons. For example, he loves to draw on the sketchbook which was a go away present from his mom but according to Seid Quan, â€Å"this drawing is a waste of time, time that could be spent on working hard and helping me save.†(Lee 87) Secondly, he never liked working at the barber shop which his father owned, â€Å"Pon Man gagged whenever he had to touch the wet clumps of hair that gathered in the corners of the shop and collected in the sinks.† (Lee 75). He did not like that his life was totally governed by his dad every step of the way. However, he clearly remembers his obligations towards his dad from his mother saying, â€Å"You must do what your father tells you, even if you don’t like it or don’t want to do it†¦. He’s your father and deserves your obedience.† (Lee 80) Thus, leaving home for Pon Man not only meant leaving China where he lived for the first fifteen years of his life but also breaking free from the invisible shackles that bound his dreams and ambitions to his father. Home for Samantha was something she was frightened of, as she says, â€Å"But really I am simply afraid†¦ with my mother’s footsteps coming up quick behind me, I know that I have irrevocably returned† (Lee 3). Samantha’s mother Siu Sang was very controlling of her daughters and would expect nothing but perfection as it is evident when she starts throwing the dishes (with the smallest speck of g rease) just cleaned by her young daughters. She was obligated to listen to everything her mom asks, especially coming from a Chinese background. For a period of six years she had enjoyed the freedom from her family, escaping to Montreal for studying. However she had to sacrifice her freedom and come back due to her elder sister, Penny, getting married. She looks at Penny’s face and observes, â€Å"†¦ the loosening of the muscles around her eyes and mouth. I wonder if I looked the same when I left Vancouver for Montreal six years ago, delirious with the kind of happiness only escape can bring.† (Lee 6) She realizes that her obligations for her family have made her come back to the very place which she thought she has left for good. Conversely, this time around she is certain that she will never be able to leave her responsibility as the youngest daughter, taking care of her aging mother as she says, â€Å"†¦ they all left, gradually, one after the other. Somehow, it never occurred to me that, in the end , I would be the only one still here.† (Lee 62). Thus, leaving home for her meant escaping from Vancouver, escaping from her mother – towards her freedom. Leaving home for Seid Quan and Pon Man meant similar sacrifices and obligations; however, the small differences in their ideologies created a massive communication gap between the father and son. As Seid Quan tries to make his son understand the reason for coming to Canada, he elaborates saying, â€Å"There’s no money to be made in the village, just remember that† (Lee 74). He explains the hardships back home and the importance of money. However, he contradicts himself by saying, â€Å"It’s not about expensive things. It’s about hard work and saving and supporting a family† (Lee 74). Even after working in Vancouver’s Chinatown for many years, Seid Quan wonders, â€Å"if he will ever go home for good, or if he will always be stuck in this land that shimmers with rain and is not quite dream, not quite day.† (Lee 39) He wants t o go back home but again he thinks of bringing his family over as he says, â€Å"†¦we could have built something here, lived in a house, walked through Stanley Park together.† (Lee 45) Regardless of their differences, Pon Man was like his father in a few ways, always thinking dually and that life in China was better. For example after observing the place where him and his father will be staying he says, â€Å"Our house in the village was nicer, and it didn’t smell so mouldy.† (Lee 74) He also reflects that everyone, like him, wants to escape this city, for despite the trees and mountains and pure water, Vancouver is as cold and hard at its core as anywhere else in Canada. Even though he thinks of going back and the harsh conditions life threw at him, he stays in Canada, works hard in the morning and studies in evening to become an accountant, in which he finally succeeds and moves out of Chinatown. Both father and son lived their lives in parallel lines; however they could not communicate to each other as Shew Lin, wife of Seid Quan says, â€Å"her son and husband, two men who have barely said a dozen words to each other in the last year†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Lee 166). They never learnt to express their feelings and had to keep their inner desires hidden, unspoken, forgotten but not forgi ven. It is apparent, when Pon Man thinks he needs to be forgiven by his father, whom he despised all throughout his life, â€Å"†¦ he knows he needs to be forgiven for something, but what?† (Lee 218). In addition, Seid Quan also wanted something similar as he thought, â€Å"it was beyond him, to imagine the things he would want to say to his son, the kinds of things, he would want to ask forgiveness for (Lee 239). Thus, the very notion of cognitive dissonance is vivid throughout both their lives. On the other hand Seid Quan barely spoke with his youngest granddaughter Samantha; not because of their gap in generation but rather less because both of them were not the talkative type. After all it is repeated over and over again, how less they speak about something that actually matters as it would not make any difference to what will actually happen. It always came down to what was needed; not for the individual but for the entire family. Besides their unspoken similarities, both shared an unbound connection to their birthplace. Seid Quan always wanted to go back to China after his debts were paid off instead of bringing the family over and Samantha always wanted to leave Vancouver but leaving this place was like leaving herself. (Lee 11). In addition, it was through finding of Seid Quan’s cigarette tin, Samantha unearth a lot about her grandfather as she found the Head Tax certificate (Lee 5). In comparison, both lives of Pon Man and Samantha were governed by Seid Quan and Siu Sang respectively. Both father and daughter were under their control and always sacrificing for the family in order to meet their obligations. For Pon Man, it meant giving up art and not pursuing education after high school. Not only his dreams had to be sacrificed, he also had to work in the barbershop against his will (Lee 75, 86-87). Along the same line, Samantha had to leave Montreal and come back to Vancouver and take the responsibilities of her mother; thus sacrificing her freedom and her love affair with Matt. Both Pon Man and Samantha take defiance as their only way to revolt against their over controlled lives. Pon Man disobeys Seid Quan and goes smoking with his high school friends (Lee 81) and Samantha defies her mother by going around and having rough consensual intercourse casually. However, both father and daughter pay a price for their defiance. Pon Man gets cancer from smoking which leads to his death and Samantha wakes up from a night’s sexual encounter with a pool of blood on her bed and a visit to the hospital (Lee 154,180). Maybe it was karma or just a co-incidence but nonetheless they both had to pay for their actions. The very essence of cognitive dissonance is prominent between Seid Quan, Pon Man and Samantha in Jen Sookfong Lee’s The End of the East. Duality guided their daily lives, always having to surrender their inner desires to meet the obligations required by their family. Since none of the characters could have a firm grip on their own identities, they always suffered from expressing their feelings, even to the ones closest to them. Thus, it caused the three generations to not be able to communicate with each other past their self identity crisis.

5 Cases of Extraneous Hyphenation

5 Cases of Extraneous Hyphenation 5 Cases of Extraneous Hyphenation 5 Cases of Extraneous Hyphenation By Mark Nichol Hyphens are used primarily to organize two or more words into phrases to aid in reading comprehension. Although errors in the use of hyphens are usually errors of omission, erroneous overuse is also common. Beware of superfluous use of hyphens in sentences such as the ones shown below. 1. The answer is to find a silver-bullet that will wean us from fossil fuels. Hyphenated compound nouns used to be common, but most have become closed compounds. Some exceptions persist or have been coined relatively recently (dry-cleaning, go-getter, light-year, well-being), but â€Å"silver bullet,† meaning â€Å"a simple solution to a complicated problem,† is not one of them: â€Å"The answer is to find a silver bullet that will wean us from fossil fuels.† 2. She found herself routinely all-but-ignoring such comments. Here, all and but modify the verb ignoring, and the phrase needs no hyphenation: â€Å"She found herself routinely all but ignoring such comments.† 3. The company reported a $10-million deficit. Hyphens are not necessary in a phrasal adjective consisting of a numeral and a term for an order of magnitude such as million: â€Å"The company reported a $10 million deficit.† (However, when a number is spelled out and combined with million or a similar term, do hyphenate the phrasal adjective: â€Å"The company reported a ten-million-dollar deficit.†) 4. Hard work must be balanced with a feeling of fun, fellowship, and esprit-de-corps. Native and adopted noun phrases (with rare exceptions such as pick-me-up and tà ªtetà ªte) do not require hyphens: â€Å"Hard work must be balanced with a feeling of fun, fellowship, and esprit de corps.† 5. Roughly two-dozen students stood up at the meeting of the school board to protest the decision. Do not link a spelled-out number with dozen to describe a multiple of twelve: â€Å"Roughly two dozen students stood up at the meeting of the school board to protest the decision.† (However, when using a spelled-out number with score to mean â€Å"a multiple of twenty,† treat the term as a closed compound, as with fourscore.) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Dialogue Dos and Don'tsThe Possessive ApostropheUses of the Past Participle

Therefore and Therefor

Therefore and Therefor Therefore and Therefor Therefore and Therefor By Maeve Maddox After reading the sobeit/so be it article, Shirley in Berkeley has this to say: Sobeit sounds like legal-speak to me.   Working as a temp for a lawyer, I asked about their dropping the e from therefore and was told that it was legal usage: therefor meant for that, and with an e on the end, meant hence. therefor: adv. for that [thing]; for that, for it Ex. I will give you my pocket knife if you will give me your watch therefor. therefore: adv.consequently, hence Ex. I think, therefore I am. I was afraid; therefore I ran. Sure enough, lawyers have more use for the form therefor than the rest of us. respondent will not know how to defend against petitioners case because it does not know how petitioner is calculating the charges, and the justifications therefor. BOND ORDINANCE PROVIDING FOR THE RECONSTRUCTION OF WATER STREET AND APPROPRIATING $170,000 THEREFOR As a noun therefore can mean a conclusion or inference: Let him first answer our Therefores, and wee will quickly answer his Wherefores. (example in OED) There is also a therefore symbol: In a mathematical proof, the therefore sign . . . is a symbol that is sometimes placed before a logical consequence, such as the conclusion of a syllogism. The symbol consists of three dots placed in an upright triangle. In reading, it is pronounced Therefore, †¦. It is Unicode character U+2234 and on some systems may be entered using ALT-8756 (the decimal version of 2234). While it is not generally used in formal writing, it is often used in mathematics and shorthand. Wikipedia Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:70 "Home" Idioms and ExpressionsPeace of Mind and A Piece of One's MindCaptain vs. Master

Biography of Ted Bundy, Serial Killer

Biography of Ted Bundy, Serial Killer Theodore Robert Bundy  (November 24, 1946–January 24, 1989) was one of the most prolific serial killers in U.S. history, who confessed to kidnapping, raping and murdering 30 women throughout seven states during the 1970s, although the actual count of the people he murdered remains a mystery.   Fast Facts: Ted Bundy Known For: Confessed serial murder of 30 peopleBorn: November 24, 1946 in Burlington, VermontParents: Eleanor â€Å"Louise† Cowell, Johnnie Culpepper Bundy (adoptive father)  Died: January 24, 1989 in Raiford, FloridaEducation: Woodrow Wilson High School, University of Puget Sound, University of Washington (BA Psychology, 1972), Temple University, University of UtahSpouse: Carol Ann Boone (m. 1980)Children: Rose, by Carol Ann Boone From the time of his capture, up until his death in the electric chair became imminent, he proclaimed his innocence and then began confessing to some of his crimes to delay his execution. The actual count of how many people he murdered remains a mystery. Early Life Ted Bundy was born Theodore Robert Cowell on November 24, 1946, at the Elizabeth Lund Home for Unwed Mothers in Burlington, Vermont. Ted’s mother Eleanor â€Å"Louise† Cowell returned to Philadelphia to live with her parents and raise her new son. In the 1950s, being an unwed mother was scandalous and illegitimate children were often teased and treated as outcasts. To avoid having Ted suffer, Louises parents, Samuel and Eleanor  Cowell, took on the role of being Ted’s parents. For several years of his life, Ted thought his grandparents were his parents, and his mother was his sister. He never had any contact with his birth father, whose identity remains unknown. According to relatives, the environment in the Cowell home was volatile. Samuel Cowell was known for being an outspoken bigot who would go into loud rants about his dislike of various minority and religious groups. He physically abused his wife and children and brutalized the family dog. He suffered hallucinations and would sometimes talk or argue with people who were not there. Eleanor  was submissive and fearful of her husband. She suffered from agoraphobia and depression. She periodically received electric shock therapy, a popular treatment for even the mildest cases of mental illness during that time. Tacoma, Washington   In 1951, Louise packed up and, with Ted in tow, moved to Tacoma, Washington to live with her cousins. For unknown reasons, she changed her surname from Cowell to Nelson. While there, she met and married Johnnie Culpepper Bundy. Bundy was an ex-military cook who was working as a hospital cook. Johnnie adopted Ted and changed his surname from Cowell to Bundy. Ted was a quiet and well-behaved child although some people found his behavior unsettling. Unlike other children who seem to thrive on parental attention and affection, Bundy preferred isolation and disconnection from family and friends. As time went on, Louise and Johnnie had four more children, and Ted had to adjust to not being an only child. The Bundy home was small, cramped, and tense. Money was scarce and Louise was left taking care of the children without any additional help. Because Ted was always quiet, he was often left alone and ignored while his parents dealt with their more demanding children. Ted’s extreme introversion and any developmental issues went unnoticed or were explained as a characteristic based on his shyness. Education Despite the circumstances at home, Bundy grew into an attractive teenager who got along with his peers and  who performed well in school. He graduated from  Woodrow Wilson High School  in 1965. According to Bundy, it was during his high school years that he began breaking into cars and homes. Bundy said the motivation behind becoming a petty thief was partially due to his desire to go downhill skiing. It was the only sport he was good at, but it was expensive. He used the money he made off of stolen goods to help pay for skis and ski passes. Although his police record was expunged at the age of 18, it is known that Bundy was arrested twice on suspicion of burglary and auto theft. After high school, Bundy entered the University of Puget Sound. There he scored high academically but failed socially. He continued to suffer from acute shyness, which resulted in social awkwardness. While he did manage to develop some friendships, he was never comfortable with participating in most of the social activities that others were doing. He rarely dated and kept to himself. Bundy later attributed his social problems to the fact that most of his peers at Puget Sound came from wealthy backgrounds- a world that he envied.  Unable to escape his growing inferiority complex, Bundy decided to transfer to the University of  Washington in his sophomore year in 1966. At first, the change did not help Bundy’s inability to socially blend, but in 1967 Bundy met the woman of his dreams. She was pretty, wealthy, and sophisticated. They both shared a skill and passion for skiing and spent many weekends on the ski slopes. First Love Ted fell in love with his new girlfriend and tried hard to impress her to the point of grossly exaggerating his accomplishments. He downplayed the fact that he was working part-time bagging groceries and instead tried to gain her approval by boasting about a summer scholarship that he won to Stamford University. Working, attending college, and having a girlfriend was too much for Bundy, and in 1969, he dropped out of college and began working at various minimum-wage jobs. He devoted his spare time to doing volunteer work for  Nelson Rockefellers presidential campaign and even worked as a Rockefeller delegate at the 1968 Republican National Convention in Miami. Unimpressed with Bundy’s lack of ambition, his girlfriend decided that he was not husband material and she ended the relationship and moved back to her parent’s home in California. According to Bundy, the break up broke his heart and he obsessed over her for years. At this same time, whispers about Bundy being a petty thief began to spread among those who were close to him. Stuck in a deep depression, Bundy decided to do some traveling and headed to Colorado then on to Arkansas and Philadelphia. There, he enrolled at Temple University where he completed a semester then returned to Washington in the fall of 1969. It was before his return to Washington that he learned about his true parentage.  How Bundy dealt with the information is not known, but it was obvious to those that knew Ted that he had experienced some kind of transformation. Gone was the shy, introverted Ted Bundy. The man that returned was outgoing and confident to the point of being seen as an extraverted braggart. He returned to University of  Washington, excelled in his major, and earned a bachelors degree in psychology in 1972. Life Gets Better for Bundy In 1969, Bundy became involved with another woman, Elizabeth Kendall (the pseudonym she used when she wrote  The Phantom Prince My Life With Ted Bundy. She  was a divorcee with a young daughter. She fell deeply in love with Bundy, and despite her suspicions that  he  was seeing other women, her devotion toward him continued. Bundy was not receptive to the idea of marriage but allowed the relationship to continue even after reuniting with his first love who had become attracted to the new, more confident, Ted Bundy. He worked on the reelection campaign of Washingtons Republican Governor Dan Evans. Evans was elected and appointed Bundy to the Seattle Crime Prevention Advisory Committee. Bundys  political future seemed secure when in 1973 he became the assistant to Ross Davis, chairman of the Washington State Republican Party. It was a good time in  his  life. He had a girlfriend, his old girlfriend was once again in love with him, and his footing in the political arena was strong. Missing Women and a Man Called Ted In 1974, young women began vanishing from college campuses around Washington and Oregon. Lynda Ann Healy, a 21-year-old radio announcer, was among those who went  missing. In July 1974, two women were approached at a Seattle state park by an attractive man who introduced himself as Ted. He asked them to help him with his sailboat, but they refused. Later that day, two other women were seen going off with him and they were never seen alive again. Bundy Moves to Utah In the fall of 1974, Bundy enrolled in law school at the University of Utah and moved to Salt Lake City. In November Carol DaRonch was attacked at a Utah mall by a man dressed as a police officer. She managed to escape and she provided police with a description of the man, the Volkswagen he was driving, and a sample of his blood that got on her jacket during their struggle. Within a few hours after DaRonch was attacked, 17-year-old Debbie Kent disappeared. Around this time, hikers discovered a graveyard of bones in a Washington forest, later identified as belonging to missing women from both Washington and Utah. Investigators from both states communicated together and came up with a profile and composite sketch of the man named Ted who approached women for help, sometimes appearing helpless with a cast on his arm or crutches. They also had the description of his tan Volkswagen and his blood type, which was type-O. Authorities compared the similarities of the women who had disappeared. They were all white, thin, and single and had long hair that was parted in the middle. They also vanished during the evening hours. The bodies of the dead women found in Utah had all been hit with a blunt object to the head, raped, and sodomized. Authorities knew they were dealing with a serial killer who had the capability to travel from state to state. Murders in Colorado On January 12, 1975, Caryn Campbell vanished from a ski resort in Colorado while on vacation with her fiancà © and his two children. A month later, Caryns nude body was found lying a short distance from the road. An  examination of her remains  determined she had received violent blows to her skull. Over the next few months, five more women were found dead in Colorado with similar contusions to their head, possibly a result of being hit with a crowbar. Ted Bundys First Arrest In August 1975, police attempted to stop Bundy for a driving violation. He aroused suspicion when he tried to get away by turning his car lights off and speeding through stop signs. When he was finally stopped his Volkswagen was searched, and police found handcuffs, an ice pick, a crowbar, pantyhose with eye holes cut out, and other questionable items. They also saw that the front seat on the passenger side of his car was missing. Police arrested Ted Bundy on suspicion of burglary. Police compared the things found in Bundys car to those DaRonch described seeing in her attackers car. The handcuffs that had been placed on one of her wrists were the same make as those in Bundys possession. Once DaRonch picked Bundy out of a line-up, the police felt they had enough evidence to charge him with attempted kidnapping. The authorities also felt confident they had the person responsible for the tri-state murder spree that had gone on for more than a year. Bundy Escapes Twice Bundy went to trial for attempted kidnapping DaRonch in February 1976 and after waiving his right to a jury trial, he was found guilty and sentenced to 15 years in prison. During this time, police were investigating links to Bundy and the Colorado murders. According to his credit card statements, he was in the area where several women vanished in early 1975. In October 1976, Bundy was charged with the murder of Caryn Campbell. Bundy was extradited from the Utah prison to Colorado for the trial. Serving as his own lawyer allowed him to appear in court without leg irons, plus it gave him an opportunity to move freely from the courtroom to the law library inside the courthouse. In an interview, while in the role as his own attorney, Bundy said, More than ever, I am convinced of my own innocence. In June 1977 during a pre-trial hearing, he escaped by jumping out of the law library window. He was captured a week later. On Dec. 30, 1977, Bundy escaped from prison and made his way to Tallahassee, Florida, where he rented an apartment near Florida State University under the name Chris Hagen. College life was something Bundy was familiar with and one he enjoyed. He managed to buy food and pay his way at local college bars with stolen credit cards. When bored, he would duck into lecture halls and listen to the speakers. It was just a matter of time before the monster inside Bundy would resurface. The Sorority House Murders On Saturday, Jan. 14, 1978, Bundy broke into Florida State Universitys Chi Omega sorority house and bludgeoned and strangled to death two women, raping one of them and brutally biting her on her buttocks and one nipple. He beat two others over the head with a log. They survived, which investigators attributed to their roommate Nita Neary, who came home and interrupted Bundy before he was able to kill the other two victims. Nita Neary came home around 3 a.m. and noticed the front door to the house was ajar. As she entered, she heard hurried footsteps above going toward the stairway. She hid in a doorway and watched as a man wearing a blue cap and carrying a log left the house. Upstairs, she found her roommates. Two were dead, two others severely wounded. That same night another woman was attacked, and the police found a mask on her floor identical to one found later in Bundys car. Arrested Again On February 9, 1978, Bundy killed again. This time it was 12-year-old Kimberly Leach, who he kidnapped and then mutilated. Within a week of Kimberlys disappearance, Bundy was arrested in Pensacola for driving a stolen vehicle. Investigators had eyewitnesses who identified Bundy at the dorm and Kimberlys school. They also had physical evidence that linked him to the three murders, including a mold of the bite marks on the flesh of the sorority house victim. Bundy, still thinking he could beat a guilty verdict, turned down a plea bargain whereby he would plead guilty to killing the two sorority women and Kimberly LaFouche in exchange for three 25-year sentences. The End of Ted Bundy Bundy went on trial in Florida on June 25, 1979, for the murders of the sorority women. The trial was televised, and Bundy played up to the media when on occasion he acted as his attorney. Bundy was found guilty on both murder charges and given two death sentences by means of the electric chair. On January 7, 1980, Bundy went on trial for killing Kimberly Leach. This time he allowed his attorneys to represent him. They decided on an insanity plea, the only defense possible with the amount of evidence the state had against him. Bundys behavior was much different during this trial than the previous one. He displayed fits of anger, slouched in his chair, and his collegiate look was sometimes replaced with a haunting glare. Bundy was found guilty and received a third death sentence. During the sentencing phase, Bundy surprised everyone by calling Carol Boone as a character witness and marrying her while she was on the witness stand. Boone was convinced of Bundys innocence. She later gave birth to Bundys child, a little girl who he adored. In time, Boone divorced Bundy after realizing he was guilty of the horrific crimes he had been charged with. Death After endless appeals, Bundys last stay of execution was on Jan. 17, 1989. Before being put to death, Bundy gave the details of more than 50 women he had murdered to Washington State Attorney Generals chief investigator, Dr. Bob Keppel. He also confessed to keeping the heads of some of his victims at his home and to engaging in necrophilia with some of his victims. In his final interview, he blamed his exposure to pornography at an impressionable age as being the stimulant behind his murderous obsessions. Many of those directly involved with Bundy believed he murdered at least 100 women. The electrocution of Ted Bundy went as scheduled amid a carnival-like atmosphere outside the prison. It was reported that he spent the night crying and praying and that when he was led to the death chamber, his face was sullen and gray. Any hint of the old charismatic Bundy was gone. As he was moved into the death chamber, his eyes searched across the 42 witnesses. Once strapped into the electric chair he began mumbling. When asked by Supt. Tom Barton if he had any last words, Bundys voice broke as he said,  Jim and Fred, Id like you to give my love to my family and friends. Jim Coleman, who was one of his lawyers, nodded, as did Fred Lawrence, the Methodist minister who prayed with Bundy throughout the night. Bundys head bowed as he was prepared for electrocution. Once prepared, two thousand volts of electricity surged through his body. His hands and body tightened up and smoke could be seen coming from his right leg. Then the machine turned off and Bundy was checked over by a doctor one last time. On January 24, 1989, Theodore Bundy, one of the most notorious killers of all time, died at 7:16 a.m. as crowds outside cheered,  Burn, Bundy, burn! Sources Berlinger, Joe (director). Conversations with a Killer: The Ted Bundy Tapes. Netflix, 2019.Janos, Adam. Ted Bundys Many Faces: How the Serial Killer Was Able to Change His Appearance So Easily. AE Real Crime, February 21, 2019.Kendall, Elizabeth. The Phantom Prince My Life with Ted Bundy. 1981.  Michaud, Stephen G. and Hugh Aynesworth. Ted Bundy: Conversations with a Killer. Irving Texas: AuthorLink Press, 2000.Rule, Ann. The Stranger Beside Me. Seattle: Planet Ann Rule, 2017.

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A230B - Essay Example Brontà « uses these characters in the novel to explore themes of evil versus good, rationality versus passion, punishment and crime, selfishness, culture and nature, revenge, sickness and health, the nature of love, and chaos and order. Brontà « exemplifies how class mobility is not always moving in the same direction. For instance, for Catherine, representing a lower class, social class plays a vital role when settling when to get married. This is the reason she cannot marry Heathcliff rather she agrees to marry Edgar. Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s accurate and honest representation of life during an early era provides a hint of history. Brontà « reveals that even if the society of today is different from that of two centuries ago, individuals remain the same. Therefore, readers can still relate to the emotions and feelings of the main characters such as Catherine and Heathcliff and those of the supporting characters (Bronte, 2009). Since the novel’s characters are real, they are hum an subjects with human emotions. Thus, the novel is not just an affectionate romance novel but a presentation of life, a hint at relationships, and an essay on love. However, the vigorous antithesis or antagonism Brontà « presents in the novel tend to subvert. The novel’s realism in presenting life and Yorkshire landscape and the historical precision of hours, season, and dates co-exist with the dreamlike. Lastly, even towards the end of the novel, a crossover between romanticism and realism is evident. In many novels, endings are unsatisfactory and disturbing because most writers resist a definitive conclusion one which explains away any doubts and accounts for all loose ends (Watson, Towheed, & Open University, 2012). The fondness for open-endedness is an effort to resist place and time limit. Brontà « uses the effort to explain the importance of memories and dreams of other location and time, like Catherine’s memories of walks on the moors and childhood at

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Management - Essay Example One of the organizations that he studied was the Sears. Chandler proposed that Sears and the other three companies that he researched upon had grown and diversified by adopting the multi-divisional form of organizational structure. The multi-divisional form of organizational structure, or the M-form, is a corporate group of semi-independent products or geographic groups whose activities are supervised by headquarters that charts out management strategies and synchronizes interdependencies. Sears started opening retail stores in the 1920s and opened many stores in Chicago, Indiana and Englewood, with its main headquarters at Homan Avenue in Chicago coordinating the company strategy. Up till the 1950s, the company had opened many urban department stores and had diversified itself by adding companies like Allstate Insurance Company. However, the M-form is not the only organizational structure; other organizational structures include functional, geographic, hybrid, matrix, form/product a nd user/market. The functional structure is concerned with the specialized management of its parts where the geographical structure distributes parts in different places. The product organizational structure deals with the material people are dealing with, while the market structure works on the basis of market segmentation. The hybrid structure combines two structures, but the matrix organizational structure entails a repeating substructure within each department under one roof (SUNRISE Information Services, 2010). 2. Organizational culture refers to the beliefs, cultural values and professional and ethical codes of conduct that craft what the business stands for. It is reflected in many forms within the organization such as the language and traditions of the employees, goal of the business, in group dynamics and the values that are tied to it, the working environment etc. CEOs have emphasized on organizational

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The cast of Amontillado By Montresor and Fortunado - Essay Example In an effort to understand Montresor, there is need to focus on his superego, patient and canning nature. Montresor is canning in his attempt to lure Fortunato into his death trap. â€Å"My dear Fortunato! I am indeed glad that I have met you. I †¦tell me is Amontillado.† (Poe 866). this is an attempt by Montresor to try his first move to seek revenge on what he considered an act that was meant to demoralize him. Montresor earlier portrays canning traits as he attempts to pull the audience believe he was justified in what he was about to attempt. He insinuate he had forgiven Fortunato several times and that he was justified in seeking revenge Montresor portrays ego centric traits this highlights the reason as to why he manages to plan a revenge plan on ground that his dignity was at stake. He also brags about his traits which places him supreme to Fortunato. In this case he portrays Fortunato as weak and naà ¯ve. â€Å"He had a weak point†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (866). this is an effort to portray himself superior meaning his plans would succeed without any hitch. The implication that Fortunato portrays his ego centric attributes. His ego centric character ensures his survival through the story. The character also portrays him as being patient. This is evident in his opening statement which he states that "The thousand injuries of Fortunato I had borne as I best could†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (866). Montresor indicates how he was able to forget the past mistakes just to wait for the right time. This traits changes and he becomes an antagonist. He patiently plans his revenge beginning with the wide tasting to the chining and finally to the murder of Fortunato (870). The character is successful in his revenge as he manages to accomplish his goals. His quest to seek revenge is repaid by his patience. He utilizes the naà ¯ve nature of Fortunato to execute his plan. In conclusion the ego centric, caning and patience nature portrays the traits of Montresor. The effort to avenge the

Analyse and evaluate the financial risks involved with establishing a Essay

Analyse and evaluate the financial risks involved with establishing a new business - Essay Example s, risk exposures have deeper impact on the organization’s standing, especially financial risks which undermine the new business resources required for jump-start the project. Financial risks refer to cash flow volatility, future investments, erosion of debt capacity or profitability level of the firm (Altman 1993). In the following essay, the researcher shall discuss how financial resources are critical for executing business plans, marketing budget and achieving organizational goals. In doing so the researcher shall describe and conclude that different types of financial risks may lead to business failure in terms of disruption in operations, decrease in working capital and exposure to environment risks. To begin with, one needs to understand that financial risks are not separate from business or management risks. For a new business, effective resource management is critical for its survival. Financial resources have even more importance for a start-up business because it helps secure employees, suppliers, service providers and attract customers (Altman 1993). Consequently, the type of financing a new business secures, defines its scope and risk challenges. For a new business, various types of financing ranging from banks, venture capitalists, owners personal assets etc. are available. Suppose a new business adopts bootstrap financing for its operations (Welsch 2003). This is a popular financing technique for new firms to finance short term funding requirements without having to commit to external organizations for the long term. These include short term borrowing from friends or family, micro financing, credit card, quasi-equity arrangements, cooperative assets, lease or client bas ed funding etc. However, according to Neeley (Welsch 2003), bootstrap financing is a low cost source of financing but poses high risks to the business because it is a short term funding method, which can be discontinued at any time, resulting in disruption of cash flows to the

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Describe a significant achievement, experience or risk and its impact on you - Essay Example To start with, I have become culturally diverse through social interactions with peers, instructors, tutors and colleagues. This has widened up my scope towards understanding social diversities around the world. Secondly, my personal growth and development has been enhanced. Many at times, students concentrate on their school work and fail to integrate the role of education in personal growth and development (Robbins 149). As a result, quality papers are held, but poor personal growth may be evident. Striking balance between every relevant role of education has been a primary impact of my educational pursuit. Such an achievement has come with an aiding tool of assessing and evaluating my strengths and weaknesses. Consequently, this is a critical aspect of life. Achievements in my field of study and education-wise at large define the threshold of my capabilities in the light of personal strengths and weaknesses. The core factor input has been to uphold my strengths and build on my weaknesses in such a way that only the best is portrayed of me in my educational pursuit, social or economic

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The Scapegoat MAM - Assignment Example Edward soon becomes a local celeb as a result of his ability to cut hair and trim hedges. This capability to do extra things makes people take advantage of Edward. For instance, Jim uses Edward to break into his parents house but unfortunately Edward is trapped in the automatic locks. He is then accused of crime and people including Jim who was using him takes Edward as a scapegoat. Similarly, in our community scapegoating occurs to individuals who are famous and can do extra things (Stereotypes of Persecution, 19). Out of envy and jealous of the community members especially those with same abilities, such an individual is considered as a threat. False accusations are alleged against such person with an aim of disgracing him or her (Stereotypes of Persecution, 14). For instance, Joyce claims that Edward tried to rape her. However, these allegation are not real. The community members looks everywhere for possible indications to confirm their suspicion against the individual. In most cases, individuals taken as scapegoats are innocent and defenseless. They usually undergo through judgment and unfair punishment for crimes they did not

Describe a significant achievement, experience or risk and its impact Essay

Describe a significant achievement, experience or risk and its impact on you - Essay Example To start with, I have become culturally diverse through social interactions with peers, instructors, tutors and colleagues. This has widened up my scope towards understanding social diversities around the world. Secondly, my personal growth and development has been enhanced. Many at times, students concentrate on their school work and fail to integrate the role of education in personal growth and development (Robbins 149). As a result, quality papers are held, but poor personal growth may be evident. Striking balance between every relevant role of education has been a primary impact of my educational pursuit. Such an achievement has come with an aiding tool of assessing and evaluating my strengths and weaknesses. Consequently, this is a critical aspect of life. Achievements in my field of study and education-wise at large define the threshold of my capabilities in the light of personal strengths and weaknesses. The core factor input has been to uphold my strengths and build on my weaknesses in such a way that only the best is portrayed of me in my educational pursuit, social or economic

A Nationalize Healthcare system is the right thing to do for all Research Proposal

A Nationalize Healthcare system is the right thing to do for all Americans; but can Americans afford it - Research Proposal Example A report issued by the advocacy group Families USA described that the age of the people who are without healthcare coverage is below 65, while those who are 65 and up are covered by government Medicare program. Thirty-three percent of 265 million Americans under 65 have been uninsured for two years. This includes 60.1 million adults and 26.6 million children and teens up to 18 years old. This amount may have been different from the statistic given above by the Census Bureau. This discrepancy indicates one of the weaknesses of the market because it relies on data from the third or forth party as it emphasizes on cost saving. Americans obtain health insurance through a combination of private coverage under employers’ contribution scheme, out of pocket private contribution, and those who are unemployed, without employers’ contribution or unable to purchase insurance under out of pocket schemes are under government Medicare program. The recent bankruptcy cases, such as the mortgage corporations Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, which operate under public private partnership scheme, have affected millions of Americans. People abandon their homes (Rucker, 2009) and become homeless (The National Alliance to End Homelessness, 2009; DeLuz, 2006; Rydstrom, 2007). The massive lay off and bankruptcies of the giant automakers Chrysler and General Motor, the Wall Street Journal, the renewable energy corporations, the AIG insurance, and million other bankruptcies of private corporations, all have caused the number of Americans without health insurance to be doubled, from 47 million to 86.7 million people.3 This number represents one-third of the nation’s total population. Peter Jennings, the ABC television anchor presented his documentary entitled Breakdown: America’s Health Insurance Crisis, described the capitalistic attitude of the insurance providers. He said one of the reasons why Americans are now without health insurance is the

Relationship Between Mental Illness and Crime

Relationship Between Mental Illness and Crime The Circle of Crime Broadsheets and tabloids along with other forms of media continue to sensationalise the association between mental illness and crime with 46% of press coverage dedicated to crime, harm to others and self-harm which is concerning (Hudson, 2013). However, this can be detrimental to the psychological wellbeing of individuals who suffer from mental illness leading to victimisation and recidivism due to ineffective management of offenders with mental illness. This essay will critically discuss the current thinking in relation to the link between mental illness and crime. In particular, the transition of childhood abuse or violence to a crime being committed as a result of mental health problems. This essay will also attempt to demonstrate the impact incarceration which continues a pattern of offending due to unresolved mental health issues and the never ending cycle persists. Vinkers, Beurs, Barendregt, Rinne and Hoek (2011) investigated the relationship between mental illness and different types of crime. The study included 21,424 pre-trial forensic reports from the Netherland between 2000 and 2006. The crime which was found to have the strongest relationship with mental illness was arson which was then followed by assaults, homicide attempts and then threats. The crime which was found to have the weakest relationship (with diminished or absent accountability) with mental illness was sexual and property crimes. If there is a clear relationship between a mental illness and a crime which has been committed then accountability is considered to be diminished in Dutch courts (Vinkers et al., 2011). There are five degrees of responsibility in relation to crime the first being complete responsibility which is when a crime is committed by a person who is fully in their right mind, there is an absence of mental disorder or if the disorder is unrelated to the comm itted crime. This is then followed by slightly diminished, diminished, severely diminished and total absence of responsibility. To be absolved from guilt completely a severe mental disorder (usually of a psychotic nature) is necessary. An important strength of the research conducted by Vinkers et al. (2011) is that they directly studied the relationship between mental disorders and different types of crime. It is essential to understand why a relationship exits and not only that there is a relationship. When a person has an underlying mental health disorder and they commit a crime this does not necessarily mean the mental disorder caused them to commit the crime. For example if an individual who is addicted to drugs shoplifts this may be attributed to poverty and not related to them having a mental illness such as schizophrenia. Having established a link between mental illness and crime this essay will now consider the relationship between childhood violence or abuse and mental illness. Nikulina, Widom and Czaja (2011) investigated the effect that childhood neglect and childhood poverty (family and neighbourhood) had on the likelihood of developing Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), academic achievement and crime in young adulthood. The results suggest that both childhood neglect and childhood family poverty predicted PTSD and arrest as an adult. The study also found that children who suffered from neglect and were poor were more likely to be delinquent and participate in criminal behaviour than children who were not poor and were not neglected. It was also suggested by Nikulina et al. (2011) that children who grow up in a poorer household (or neighbourhood) have a predisposition to trauma which makes them more likely have difficulties in later life. They concluded that n eglect and poverty were positively correlated with long term criminal, academic and mental health outcomes. The findings from Nikulina et al. (2011) indicate that adverse conditions and unstable living environments (including poverty) increase the chance that a person will develop PTSD symptoms. A persons surroundings are important in determining their risk for mental health and psychosocial outcomes. In addition to this Grisso (2007) suggest an association between youth delinquency and mental illness. In this study youths aged 9 and 10, 11 and 13 were interviewed and tested at three points in time. During at least one of these assessment points approximately one third of the youths met the criteria for one or more mental illnesses and the same amount of the total sample were arrested when they reached young adulthood. The results suggest that having a mental illness in adolescence is likely to have played a role in the subsequent offending as an adult. It is also suggested that suf fering from a mental illness between the ages of 9 and 16 poses a much greater risk of offending as a young adult. Effective community based intervention during adolescence is recommended by Grisso (2007) to reduce delinquency. A major problem which faces law enforcement is the high number of individuals with mental illnesses in the criminal justice system (Cuellar, McReynolds Wasserman, 2006). This creates complications both socially and politically. One way of combating this issue would be to use a specialised program such as mental health courts, which are relatively new. There are approximately 200 mental health courts in the United States with D’Emic (2014) becoming the first mental health court judge in New York State in March 2002. Mental health courts are an alternative to incarceration courts. The aim of these courts is to improve the psychiatric stability of offenders and also to improve public safety by connecting offenders with mental health treatment. Cuellar et al. (2006) suggest that for certain types of individuals, it is more appropriate to use problem-solving methods rather than punishment. They do this by working with other mental health agencies, families and housing providers to name a few. The aim of these courts is to support offenders who are suffering with a mental illness to live a constructive life which is free of crime in the community (D’Emic, 2014). One of the first cases to be brought to this court was a young man in his early 20s who had been arrested for two street robberies (D’Emic, 2014). While in jail he began to act bizarrely and he was subsequently taken to hospital to be observed. He was diagnosed with schizophrenia. The agreement was that if he engaged with treatment the indictment against him would be dismissed. He succeeded and went on to obtain a master’s degree and remained in therapy and continued to take medication which was prescribed for his mental illness. The treatment which was overseen by the mental health court ensured the continued safety of the public by effectively managing this young man’s mental health. If the only option for this young man was to be handed a prison sentence this could have resulted in him being released into the community with a serious, untreated mental illness. The aim of using this method is to reduce recidivism and also reduce the severity of crimes committed by offenders who suffer from mental illness which in turn would reduce the societal cost of crime (Cuellar et al., 2006). The concern for policymakers in the reduction of crime is to place more emphasis on rehabilitation and treatment of offenders with mental illnesses as opposed to prosecution and harsher punishment. Offenders with mental illness would find it more beneficial to engage with more appropriate and less expensive supervised care in the community than being embroiled in the criminal justice system (DeQuendre, 2002). If appropriate services were provided to sufferers of mental illness then they would not end up being arrested, in jail or facing charges in court (Cuellar et al., 2006). A finding from Cuellar et al (2006) is that more than half of youths who had a mental illness wer e re-arrested. Over a one year period it was reported that there were 63 fewer arrests per 100 youths who had voluntarily enrolled on the diversion programme. This is an opportunity for youths to avoid the formal court intervention and engage with appropriate developmental and treatment needs. Female prisoners have been identified as particularly vulnerable by MacDonald (2013) and more likely to suffer from higher levels of emotional distress than male prisoners. MacDonald (2013) examined 6 countries which were part of the EU DAPHNE Strong project. The purpose of this project was to increase the knowledge and understanding of professionals who work with women in prison who had been subject to childhood, intimate partner or other forms of physical and or sexual violence. The findings of the DAPHNE project were that 70-80% of the female prison population in Scotland had mental health problems, 50% of the prisoners had a history of sexual abuse and at least 50% of the women were presently in an abusive relationship (MacDonald, 2013). The findings were similar in England and Wales with 50% experiencing domestic violence. In Finland it is suggested that approximately three out of four female prisoners have been a victim of physical, psychological or sexual violence. Germany als o reports a victim violence rate of 70%. It was found in Scotland and Finland that women who had a history of violence and abuse were not routinely identified. Effective screening of mental health problems and also other health concerns is fundamental to the services which can be provided. It is imperative that gender-specific guidelines are set for managing female prisoners as they often have more complex health problems than male prisoners (World Health Organisation, 2009). The areas which require particular attention are mental illness, substance abuse issues, reproductive health and physical and sexual abuse. It has been reported that the mental health care which is currently provided is inadequate. This is due to lack of funding and also a lack of trained staff. The overuse of medication is also highlighted. A major concern in prisons is amount of prisoners who suffer from mental illnesses such as psychosis (3.7% of males and 4% of females), major depression (10% males and 12% females) and antisocial personality disorder (45%) as this increase the likelihood of suicide (MacDonald, 2013). It is suggested that the treatment of mental illnesses including self-harm should be managed in the community where they originated. The problems which women face require specific treatment plans which are currently not provided by The Prison Service and unlikely to be without the appropriate resources being dedicated. The United Kingdom appears to be efficient in providing information. In women’s prisons in Scotland, England and Wales there are posters, brochures and leaflets however this method of delivery can be problematic for prisoners who have writing and reading difficulties. The need for a range of services to be provided to prisoners is advocated by Prison staff. These include a named member of staff who has responsibility for violence and abuse who prisoners can be referred to, informing the prisoners of the chaplaincy service and encouraging the prisoner s to use informal and therapeutic approaches to deal with their issues such as writing down their feelings or using art therapy. An important mechanism in supporting prisoners is to empower them to believe they can overcome their difficulties and live a happier healthier life. MacDonald (2013) infers that the criminal justice system appear unwilling to provide alternatives to custodial sentences. Cuts in public spending have further implicated the capacity for the prison service to offer any staff training. The availability of services is widely inconsistent within countries and also within the EU (MacDonald, 2013). Visher and Bakken (2014) examined the mental health status of women who were leaving prison and how their mental health shaped their re-entry outcomes. Problems that the women face over a year after leaving included poorer health, difficulty securing a home, trouble gaining employment and more involvement in criminal behaviour. Women who enter prison are more likely to report excessive history of physical sexual and emotional abuse which puts them at high risk of mental illness (Visher Bakken, 2014). There is also a strong link between childhood abuse and mental illness, in particular depression, PTSD, panic and eating disorders. Women inmates are reported to have higher rates of mental illness (73%) than males (55%). A large study was carried out looking at 357 women from six states that were released from prison. Of these women 44% reported a diagnosis of depression, obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), bipolar disorder, PTSD and schizophrenia (Visher Bakken, 2014). Out of these women over half of them felt that they still required treatment for their mental illness a quarter of them believed that they need â€Å"a lot† of treatment. An important finding was that the need for this treatment pre-ceded the imprisonment. Women who suffer from mental illness are likely to face problems at every stage of the criminal justice process from the moment they are arrested, to being imprisoned and then finally when they are released and subsequently reintegrated back into the community. Reports indicate that history of women’s lives play a role in their criminal involvement such as personal abuse, mental illness and substance abuse, homelessness, poverty and also being involved in troubled relationships. Due to these difficulties women often find it difficult to re-establish their lives when they leave prison. The difficulties they have are getting a job, finding a place to live, earning enough money to support them, and also building relationships with t heir family which may have been broken due to being in prison. To avoid recidivism it is essential that women with mental health problems are provided with treatment during and after imprisonment. However prisons due not have the resources to provide this treatment and only those in the most secure facilities receive any support. Visher and Bakken (2014) conducted a longitudinal study called Returning Home; Understanding the Challenges of Prisoner Re-entry which examined the lives of prisoners before, during and a year after leaving prison. A simple effective method that could be employed is a checklist for problems which might require follow up care or management. If any mental health issues are identified then women should be referred on to a community case manager in order to receive the appropriate services for their needs. Recidivism is an important issue which needs attention as eventually the majority of imprisoned offenders will return to society (Gontkovsky McClellan, 2000). Rehabilitation is particularly important especially with regards to inmates who have mental illness. Some of these inmates have a pre-existing mental illness whereas others develop an illness due to issues such as fear of violence and restricted freedom (Gontkovsky McClellan, 2000). Due to inadequate staffing, evaluations of offenders with psychological issues are often brief and unreliable which results in ineffective treatment. In theory the key to successful rehabilitation is providing individually tailored treatment programs however, this is rarely implemented. Resources should not be wasted on individuals who are unwilling to put the effort in but should be reserved for individuals who are motivated for change. To avoid recidivism women need the opportunity to deal with any trauma they have suffered and they need support to learn more effective ways of dealing with their problems to take control of their own lives. In Germany counselling and conversation during the night are provided to prisoners. The suggestions for improving the current practise for women in prison is using prison as a last resort for women who do not pose a risk to society. Also all policies which are developed must recognise the gender specific needs of women and finally mental illnesses which arise from substance abuse and PTSD should be specifically addressed (MacDonald, 2013).One of the objectives of this project was to develop a resource pack for prisons and other criminal justice related authorities to provide examples of good practice and to highlight programmes which already exist for women survivors of violence and abuse. A second objective of the project was to develop a training programme for the staff that ca rries out work with female prisoners who have experienced violence to help them understand the problems which these women face. In conclusion this essay has established the link between mental health and crime with regards to past life experience and in particular to females. The difficulties which individuals with mental illness face who commit crime have also been addressed. Effectively managing mental illness would benefit both the individual and also wider society. A broader understanding in the criminal justice system of mental illness would also be beneficial. For individuals who pose a risk to either themselves or to others there is often no alternative to a custodial sentence. However, for the individuals who do not pose a risk to themselves or to others perhaps developing and implementing other strategies than custodial sentences would reduce the ever revolving prison door. This would also take the pressure off of the prison service to provide treatment which they are not equipped to provide. If issues are identified in childhood early intervention may also reduce the number of individuals with menta l illness who find themselves entrapped in the ever revolving door of prison. Rather than condemn individuals with mental illness who commit crime it may be more constructive to identify the reason which caused them to offend in the first place. In some cases mental illness will play a role in the offending behaviour however in some cases other factors may have cause the offending. It is of utmost importance to clarify the factor which led to the offending behaviour in order to deal with the situation effectively and reduce further offending.

The Mass Media and the Futile Search for Extraterrestrial Life Essay

Sure we've all seen movies and read books about extraterrestrial beings landing on the Earth and conquering the human race. And millions of us have viewed TV shows like "The X-files" and "Third Rock From the Sun." These forms of popular culture share a common thread -- extraterrestrial life. Yet the underlying question is, does the mass media take extraterrestrialism seriously? Or do they mock it? Or do they simply exaggerate its credibility? In the majority of these cases, the mass media not only takes on the third mode of exaggeration, it shifts focus from more important and serious issues such as extraterrestrial life at the cellular level. The media loves to play with the minds of viewers, making them believe in something which realistically is probably untrue. The early history of extraterrestrial life traces back to the 1940s and 1950s. Stories of alien abduction sprang up everywhere becoming a general trend. At the time, alien abduction was defined as the forced removal of a person from his /her physical location to another place. It may include an altered state of awareness for the purpose of physical, surgical or psychological procedures performed by non-humans. After the abduction, the person is returned to his or her physical location and frequently has little or no recollection of the experience. Where did this all begin? It began in 1898 when H.G. Welles published his book The War of The Worlds. The time period was one of huge tension and military armament. This was a marker that World War I was going to break out. Welles novel addressed that very dread. The aliens were from the future and were perceived as an evil threat to mankind. But books like these and TV shows like "The X-Files" are always a projection... ...Visitors?" Frank McConnell,Commonweal Volume 123 #20 Nov.22, 1996 Bibliography Books: Sagan, Carl. Cosmos; Contact. Pale Blue Dot: A Vision of the Human Future in Space. Kieffer, H.H. Mars University of Arizona Press 1992 Articles: Sagan, Carl. "The Search for Extraterrestrial Life." Scientific American. October 1994 "The Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence: Scientific Quest of Hopeful Folly?" "Titan: A Laboratory for Prebiological Organic Chemistry." Accounts of Chemical Research. July 1992 "A Search for Life on Earth from the Galileo Spacecraft." Nature. October 21, 1993. McKay, David. "Evaluating the Evidence for Past Life on Mars." Web Sites: SETI Institute Web Site: http://www.seti-inst.edu/ http:// www.abduct.com/experien.htm http://ntdwwaab.compuserve.com/homepages/Andy page/abduction.htm http.//www.gtm.net/"geibdan"/

Mexico Essay -- Mexican Economy, Politics

Mexico is a country that has long been thought of as being an impoverished nation, with many more people who are among the poor that those who can be reasonably be considered to be wealthy. In recent years the Mexican people have had a dramatic change in their demographic outlook, with the largest change being in the fertility rate having dropped from 6.5 in the early 70’s to its current rate of 2.2 – easily the fastest rate of decline in the world today. With the importance of family to the Mexican people it is hard to imagine that these new rates will be sustainable in the future and will have dramatic negative implications for the economies of both Mexico and the United States as the population ages without replacement workers (McGoldrick, Giordano & Garcia-Preto, 2005; Sedano, 2008). The Mexican people are a people who find their roots amongst the Mayan, Aztecan and other Native American people. They also often share an ancestry with the European Spanish who conquered and settled much of what is today Mexico and the American Southwest. Their common language is Spanish and the majority of Mexican people follow the Catholic religion, which interestingly has changed in many ways to include many of the traditions and symbols of the other more ancient religions that were practiced before the Spanish conquest and the forced conversion of the natives. There still runs a deep attachment to â€Å"folk† medicine to cure ailments that are most likely caused by stress or other psychological means such as fright, the â€Å"evil eye† and even indigestion (McGoldrick, et. al., 2005). The family in Mexico is predominantly patriarchal in nature there is also a great deal of respect that is due the mothers of the family. Family types range from nuclea... ...e more educated parents (McCabe, 2002). It was discovered that such factors as income, perceptions of stigma, expectations of therapist directness, therapist-client match and even acculturation had no significant effect of the dropout rates. The greatest predictors were instead, parental belief in strict discipline in reaction to behavioral and emotional problems along with the perception of barriers to getting treatment (McCabe, 2002). While it is seen that acculturation may increase the ability of the client to seek assistance and that the acculturation of the parents may help them better understand the role of therapy in helping with behavioral and emotional problems will help more adolescents with these problems seek help it does was shown that improving the parents expectations and attitudes towards therapy may have beeter retention outcomes (McCabe, 2002).

Joe Christmas Essay

In the pursuit of an excellent account of racial and gender discrimination, William Faulkner and Jean Toomer both have significantly incorporated the strength of female characters that persist to have a depth in the soul of every story they created. William Faulkner’s Light in August is a novel of intense reflection on the issues of hatred for racial and gender identity in the South and the restricting beliefs of a Calvinistic religion. Considered as one of his best novels, the story depicts the orphan life of Joe Christmas, who thinks of himself as having a part-black blood because of a confusing historical descent. This vague past takes him into a rebellious and self-destructive journey towards self-discovery, eventually leading in his defeat caused by a devastating affair with a spinster named Joanna Burden. Joanna Burden portrays an in-depth character in the life of Joe Christmas and in the story as a whole. To begin with, Joanna is a middle-aged civil rights activist and spinster from the North who is known to have lived alone for time immemorial. A stranger to her fellow town folks, she continues to struggle for a better condition of the Negroes in the town of Jefferson since her father and grandfather were dedicated individuals to liberating the Negroes. People then accuse her as a lover of black men. This idea of social responsibility is passed on to Joanna until her growing up years. Initially described as pro-Negroes, the character of Joanna presents some surprising twists when she finds herself in a two-year relationship with Joe. Already tortured about his past, Joe is disappointed as he realizes that Joanna fails to accept him for his confusing black-white descent. Joanna’s indifference toward Joe’s ancestry seems to have contradicted her image as an advocate of Negro rights. During her fulfilling experience of sex with Joe, she particularly cries out his black race, obviously making such distinction in Joe’s bloodline: â€Å"Negro! Negro! Negro! † (Faulkner 260). Along the way when Joanna is finally feeling tired of this sexual experience with Joe, her voice depicted as â€Å"still, monotonous, sexless† (Faulkner 281), knowing that she is passed the phase of sexuality. Her confusion starts to overcome her whole being. She begins demanding for him to change his lifestyle. She asks him to get a job, pursue his educated, and most of all, to pray. Suddenly, Joe, too, feels disappointed on the turn-out of the relationship: â€Å"It was as though he had fallen into a sewer†¦ the sewer ran only by night† (Faulkner 256). But Joe refuses to pray, and Joanna decides to kill him: Over her nightdress she wore a shawl drawn down across her breast†¦ he saw her arms unfold and her right hand come forth from beneath the shawl. It held an old style†¦ revolver almost as long and heavier than a small rifle. But the shadow of it and of her arm and hand on the wall did not waver at all, the dow of both monstrous, the cocked hammer monstrous, back-hooked and viciously poised like the arched head of a snake†¦ (Faulkner 282). The climax of her plan only fails when the gun did not fire at him. Joanna is a definite example of two opposing ideas, of an irony that kills a society during that time. She is a living witness to two races that refuse to be linked to one another. She is an advocator and at the same time, a destroyer of the black race that her family has gone to love and stand up for. Much like the old Doc Hines, Joanna’s attempt to bring down Joe is perhaps more dangerous since hers is an attempt to erase Joe’s individuality and roots. On the other hand, Jean Toomer’s Fern, from the book collection of Cane, is in the beginning a representation of a beautiful and misunderstood black woman named Fernie May Rosen. However, the profound depiction of Fern is not only woman in such case, rather a lost identity of a nation and its people. In Toomer’s story, note how the narrator stresses on Fern’s Jewish descent: â€Å"Her nose was aquiline, Semitic. If you have heard a Jewish cantor sing, (14)†¦But at first sight of her I felt as if I heard a Jewish cantor sing. As if his singing rose above the unheard chorus of a folk-song†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (15). Fern is the ultimate epitome of the all-American race, and so is the salvation of humankind. She is the racial heritage that Toomer seeks to identify with in his pursuit for artistic expression. Also, some critics say that the story is more than a description of an inner spiritual experience of Fern with the narrator in the context of rural South. Instead, they both witness an experience in which the unreal border of self and the other subside. In the story, Fern is at first described as an easy woman whom black men find no happiness being with. Fern is described as being ignored by the white men in her society, just like Toomer’s personal experience of artistic and cultural dissatisfaction in a white community. And because of this, Toomer is fascinated by Fern’s character and the idea of it. Yet, a change of fate takes them in a mysterious longing for her beauty, especially the white male narrator of the story. The case is not with the blacks as victims of racial isolation, but instead the whites who are suffering from not having been a part of Fern. The narrator states that, â€Å"She did not deny them, yet the fact was that they were denied. A sort of superstition crept into their consciousness of her being somehow†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Toomer 14). Fern is the image of a sorrowful soul of the browbeaten minority, yet simply unattainable. She exemplifies the beautiful cultural identity that is difficult to maintain in a contemporary setting, the ancestral lineage that becomes vague with multi-cultural interactions and birthing lost in the passing of time. The ending of the story describes Fern as all the more mystified with the failing of any kind of understanding and hope for the world around her, her voice that nobody can understand until she faints. The readers are given a view of Fern to display a beauty as hers exists, but that is all. Both Faulkner and Toomer are obviously immersed on the issues of racial and gender discrimination as clearly symbolic in their female characters. In their roles, they pose as grave threats to the unending search of men to find personal identity in a discriminating society. They also present them as crazy and misunderstood women condemned by male-dominated culture. However, they eventually become icons of beauty for men to behold, which is vividly illustrated in Fern’s story: â€Å"Men are apt to idolize†¦ that which they cannot understand, especially if it be a woman† (Toomer 16). Another thing as a common ground for Faulkner and Toomer is how they showcase the theme of mankind’s inability to complement the soul, mind, and body through the eyes of a female character. Women, in their pursuit to find happiness and be accepting of its society, fail miserably in the arms of their so-called lovers. Despite the disparity of ways in interpreting these critical writings, the readers would delve inside the stories of its characters and come to a point of realization that both Faulkner and Toomer’s female characters are embodiment of the neglected and exhausted beauty of the dying black community, constantly struggling to find its way to achieving peace and harmony in an ever-changing world that is too complex to live in and understand. Or, simply say that these writings are lucid representations of the inescapable truth that lies in any man’s shared and sad destiny. Works Cited Faulkner, William. Light in August. Vintage Books: New York, 1959. Toomer, J. â€Å"Fern†. Cane. Liveright Publishing: New York, 1993. 14-17

Schema

Schema as Hirsch has defined it is an â€Å"unified system of background relationships† that allows people to understand the â€Å"surface meaning† of a statement (Hirsch 54). If people can find ways to influence students about things that are important in the world, they would grow up connecting series of things important nowadays, and end up having the knowledge to choose what they can do next. If a person contains schema about environmental problems, and how to solve them, they would automatically put things side by side and build a solution for it. With the help of schema, people most especially students can be able to focus on what is important in the society today. If the student graduates with the mental ability to know automatically what is right for their health and be aware of the environment problems, they can lessen the cause of it and the world would be a better place. If the student graduates with the general knowledge of choosing healthy foods, obesity would be lessened and if they graduate with the general knowledge to be aware of what they do to the environment, global warming would slow down. In the end, since schema cannot be taught, institutions should change the curriculum to teach information that will inform the schemata, so that the generation to come would automatically do what is right for them and for the environment.